叶䗛属
叶䗛属（学名：Phyllium）也称叶虫，是竹节虫目（䗛目）叶竹节虫科（叶䗛科）的一属。主要分布于东半球的热带和亚热带地区。[1]本属目前记录约31种[2]，是叶竹节虫科中种类最多的一属。
叶䗛属
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| 菲律賓葉䗛(Phyllium philippinicum) | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 竹節蟲目 Phasmatodea |
| 科： | 叶竹节虫科 Phylliidae |
| 族： | 叶䗛族 Phylliini |
| 属： | 叶䗛属 Phyllium Illiger, 1798 |
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形态特征 编辑
叶䗛属于一种大型昆虫，体型宽扁，通体多为绿色，但也有其他色型，脉纹清晰，外型拟态模仿树叶。头部呈椭圆形，头顶稍扁平，光滑或距颗粒。眼部为半球形。雄虫触角发达，侧扁，栉状或锯齿形，被长软毛，向后越达腹部中央；雌虫触角短棒状，一般较短。口器为咀嚼式。前胸较短，近于三角形。前翅革质，雄虫较窄短，雌虫发达，几乎盖满腹部；后翅膜质、透明，雄虫发达，雌虫常退化或消失。[1]
葉䗛屬中本來種類眾多，並且分為四個亞屬，葉䗛亞屬、麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞叶䗛亚属 ，但2021因為分子生物學以及生物地理學上的證據，陸續將這之中的一些物種挪出，像是葉䗛亞屬之中的一些物種移到新屬隱葉䗛屬 （Cryptophyllium）之下[3]，麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞叶䗛亚属也各提升為屬級，麗葉䗛屬（Pulchriphyllium）、飾葉䗛屬（Comptaphyllium）、舞叶䗛属（Walaphyllium）[4]，因此目前葉䗛屬底下已無亞屬之分類單元。
分类 编辑
目前葉䗛屬共有31種[2]：
- Phyllium (Phyllium) antonkozlovi Cumming, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) arthurchungi Seow-Choen, 2016
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bilobatum Gray, 1843
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bonifacioi Lit & Eusebio, 2014
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bourquei Cumming & Le Tirant, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bradleri Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) brossardi Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) chenqiae Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium conlei Cumming, Valero & Teemsma, 2018
- 卡氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) cummingi Seow-Choen, 2017
- 優雅葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) elegans Grösser, 1991[5]
- 艾瑞克葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum Cumming, 2017[6]
- 甘通山葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) gantungense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- 加爾達葉䗛 Phyllium gardabagusi Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) hausleithneri Brock, 1999[5]
- 雅各氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1934
- 麗緹葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium longicorne Latreille, 1802
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo, 2009
- Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) maethoraniae Delfosse, 2015[7]
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mamasaense Grösser, 2008
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mindorense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium nisus Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- 巴拉望葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) palawanense Grösser, 2001
- 菲律賓葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rayongii Thanasinchayakul, 2006
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rubrum Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium saltonae Cumming, Baker, Le Tirant & Marshall, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) siccifolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Phyllium (Phyllium) telnovi Brock, 2014
- 托貝洛葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) tobeloense Grösser, 2007
- Phyllium (Phyllium) woodi Rehn & Rehn, 1934
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 刘胜利. 中国叶螩属记述(竹节虫目:叶螩科)[J]. 昆虫分类学报. 1993, 18 (2): 202–210 [2021-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-27）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Phasmida Species File. [2021-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-07）.
- ^ Royce T. Cumming, Sarah Bank, Joachim Bresseel, Jérôme Constant, Stéphane Le Tirant, Zhiwei Dong, Gontran Sonet, Sven Bradler. Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects – descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys. 2021, (1018): 1-179 [2021-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-29）.
- ^ (PDF) A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). ResearchGate. [2021-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-17） （英语）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sarah Bank, Royce T. Cumming, Yunchang Li, Katharina Henze, Stéphane Le Tirant and Sven Bradler. 2021. A Tree of Leaves: Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology. 4: 932. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z
- ^ Royce T. Cumming. 2017. A New Species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 from Mindanao, Philippines (Phasmida, Phylliidae). Zootaxa. 4303(2); 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.2.10
- ^ Emmanuel Delfosse. 2015. A New Giant Leaf Insect Species of the Genus Phyllium from Thailand (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 120(3); 411-415.