拉丁美洲白人
拉丁美洲白人又稱拉美白人、欧洲裔拉丁美洲人[1][2]，是指具有欧洲人血统的拉丁美洲人。[3]
定居在拉丁美洲的歐洲移民大多是西班牙人和葡萄牙人，此外人口較多的歐洲人還有法兰西人、意大利人和德意志人。[4][5][6]
截至2010年[update]，拉丁美洲白人占拉丁美洲总人口的33%，[7][8][9]拉美白人是拉丁美洲继混血兒之后的第二大人種或族群。 [10]
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Ramón Grosfoguel, Nelson Maldonado-Torres, José David Saldívar. Latin@s in the World-System: Decolonization Struggles in the 21st Century U.S. Empire. dlcl.stanford.edu. April 15, 2006.
Latino/as are multiracial (Afro-Latinos, Indo-Latinos, Asian-Latinos, and Euro-Latinos)
- ^ Various. Agustín Laó-Montes and Arlene Dávila , 编. Mambo Montage: The Latinization of New York City. Columbia University Press. 2001.
For instance, in the global chain of otherness, upper-class Euro-Latinos can be located... (p. 10)
- ^ Chambers, Sarah C. Nancy P. Appelbaum , 编. Race and Nation in Modern Latin American. University of North Carolina Press. 2003.
This blending of culture and genealogy is also reflected in the use of the terms "Spanish" and "white". For most of the colonial period, Americans of European descent were simply referred to as "Spaniards"; beginning in the late 18th century, the term "blanco" (white) came into increasing but not exclusive use. Even those of presumably mixed ancestry may have felt justified in claiming to be Spanish (and later white) if they participated in the dominant culture by, for example, speaking Spanish and wearing European clothing.(p. 33)
- ^ South America: Postindependence overseas immigrants.
- ^ Schrover, Marlou. Migration to Latin America. [2010-02-24].
- ^ CELADE (Organization). International migration and development in the Americas. Naciones Unidas, CEPAL/ECLAC, Population Division, Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE). 2001. ISBN 9789211213287.
- ^ CIA data from The World Factbook's Field Listing :: Ethnic groups and Field Listing :: Population, retrieved on May 09 2011. They show 191,543,213 whites from a total population of 579,092,570. For a few countries the percentage of white population is not provided as a standalone figure, and thus that datum is considered to be not available; for example, in Chile's case the CIA states "white and white-Amerindian 95.4%". Unequivocal data are given for the following: Argentina 41,769,726 * 97% white = 40,516,634; Bolivia 10,118,683 * 5% white = 505,934; Brazil 203,429,773 * 53.7% white = 109,241,788; Colombia 44,725,543 * 20% white = 8,945,109; Cuba 11,087,330 * 65.1% white = 7,217,852; Dominican Republic 9,956,648 * 16% white = 1,593,064; El Salvador 6,071,774 * 9% white = 546,460; Honduras 8,143,564 * 1% white = 81,436; Mexico 113,724,226 * 9% white = 10,235,180; Nicaragua 5,666,301 * 17% white = 963,272; Panama 3,460,462 * 10% white = 346,046; Peru 29,248,943 * 15% white = 4,387,342; Puerto Rico 3,989,133 * 76.2% white = 3,039,719; Uruguay 3,308,535 * 88% white = 2,911,511. Total white population in these countries: 191,543,213, i.e 33.07% of the region's population.
- ^ Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2005). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" [Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Convergencia (in Spanish). 12 (38): 185–232.
- ^ Lizcano Fernández, Francisco. Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX (PDF). Revista Mexicana del Caribe. 2004, IX (17) [2011-05-04].
- ^ Schaefer, Richard T. (编). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society
. Sage. 2008: 900. ISBN 978-1-4129-2694-2. In New Spain, there was no strict idea of race (something that continued in Mexico). The Indians that had lost their connections with their communities and had adopted different cultural elements could "pass" and be considered mestizos. The same applied to blacks and castas. Rather, the factor that distinguished the various social groups was their calidad ("quality"); this concept was related to an idea of blood as conferring status, but there were also other elements, such as occupation and marriage, that could have the effect of blanqueamiento (whitening) on people and influence their upward social mobility.
