蛹形螺属
蛹形螺属（学名： Pupilla）是柄眼类蛹形螺科下的一个属，它们分布在欧洲、北美洲和北非。[2]
蛹形螺属 化石时期：
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| 该属模式种 白云石虹蛹螺(Pupilla muscorum) | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 柄眼目 Stylommatophora |
| 亚目： | 旋蝸牛亞目 Helicina |
| 下目： | 蛹螺下目 Pupilloidei |
| 总科： | 蛹螺總科 Pupilloidea |
| 科： | 蛹形螺科 Pupillidae |
| 属： | 蛹形螺屬 Pupilla Fleming, 1828[1] |
种 编辑
- 蛹形螺属 Pupilla
- Afripupilla亚属 Afripupilla
- Pupilla tetrodus (O. Boettger, 1921)
- Fragipupilla亚属 Fragipupilla
- Pupilla alabiella (Schileyko, 1984)
- Pupilla limata (Schileyko, 1989)
- Omegapilla亚属 Omegapilla
- Pupilla australis (Angas, 1864)
- Pupilla nelsoni (Cox, 1864)
- Pupilla occidentalis (Iredale, 1939)
- Pupilla tasmanica (Johnston, 1883)
- 蛹形螺亚属 Pupilla
- Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)[2]
数据缺乏(IUCN 3.1)[3] - 洛矶山蛹形螺 Pupilla blandi (E. S. Morse, 1865)
- Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881) - crestless column
- 白云石虹蛹螺 Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)[2]
无危(IUCN 3.1)[4] - Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)[2]
- Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)[2]
- Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)[2]
- Pupilla annandalei Pilsbry[5]
- Pupilla calacharicus (Boettger, 1886)
- Pupilla ficulnea (Tate, 1894)
低危 (保护依赖)(IUCN 2.3)[6] - Pupilla fontana (Krauss, 1848)
- Pupilla khunjerabica (Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009)[5]
- Pupilla loessica (Ložek, 1954)[7]
- †Pupilla obliquicosta (Smith, 1892)
绝灭(IUCN 2.3)[8] - Pupilla paraturcmenica (Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009)[5]
- Pupilla pupula 无危(IUCN 2.3)[9]
- Pupilla satparanica (Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009)[5]
- Pupilla signata (Mousson)[5]
- Pupilla sonorana (Sterki, 1899) - three-tooth column
- Pupilla sterrii (Forster & Voith, 1840)[2]
- Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry, 1890) - top-heavy column
- Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger, 1870)
- Pupilla turcmenica (O. Boettger)[5]
- Pupilla ziaratana (Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009)[5]
- Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)[2]
- Striopupilla亚属 Striopupilla
- Pupilla goniodon (Pilsbry, 1927)
- Pupilla guadalupensis (Pilsbry, 1927)
- Pupilla sterkiana (Pilsbry, 1890)
- Afripupilla亚属 Afripupilla
化石种 编辑
- †Pupilla crossei (Michaud, 1862) - 上新世[10]
- †Pupilla cupella (Boettger, 1889) - 中新世托尔顿阶[10]
- †Pupilla diezi (Flach, 1891) - 中新世[11]
- †Pupilla impressa (Sandberger, 1863) - 渐新世恰特期[10]
- †Pupilla iratiana (Dupuy, 1850) - 中新世塞拉瓦尔阶[12]
- †Pupilla lomnickli (Friedberg, 1905) 中新世塞拉瓦尔阶[10]
- †Pupilla michaudi (Wenz, 1919) - 上新世[10]
- †Pupilla parvula (Deshayes, 1863) - 渐新世恰特期[10]
- †Pupilla shantungensis (Yen & Kühn, 1969)[13]
- †Pupilla submuscorum (Gottschick & Wenz, 1919) - 中新世塞拉瓦尔阶[10]
參考文獻 编辑
- ^ Fleming J. (1828). A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. pp. i-xxxii [= 1-23], 1-565, [1]. Edinburgh. (Bell & Bradfute).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Genus summary for Pupilla" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. AnimalBase. Last modified 02-09-2006, accessed 30 July 2010.
- ^ Falkner, M., von Proschwitz, T. & Rüetschi, J. Pupilla bigranata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. [2016年1月11日].
- ^ Neubert E. Pupilla muscorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. [2016年1月11日].
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". Annales Zoologici 59(4): 423-458. doi:10.3161/000345409X484847.
- ^ Kessner V. (1996). Pupilla ficulnea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ （捷克文） Ložek V. (1954). "Noví měkkýši československého pleistocénu (Neue Mollusken aus dem tschechoslowakischen Pleistozän). Vertigo pseudosubstriata sp. n., Pupilla muscorum densegyrata ssp. n. a Pupilla loessica sp. n." Anthropozoikum 3(1953): 327–342, Tab. 1.
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group. Pupilla obliquicosta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996. [2016年1月11日].
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group. Pupilla pupula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996. [2016年1月11日].
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. In: Carl Diener (Hrsg.), Fossilium catalogus, 1 Animalium, 20: 737-1068, Berlin 1923 Online bei www.biodiversitylibrary.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (S.952-957).
- ^ Mathias Harzhauser, Thomas A. Neubauer, Martin Gross, Herbert Binder: The early Middle Miocene mollusc fauna of Lake Rein. Palaeontographica Abteilung A,302(1-6): 1 - 71, 2014.
- ^ Mathias Harzhauser, Martin Gross, Herbert Binder: Biostratigraphy of Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) wetland systems in an Eastern Alpine intramontane basin (Gratkorn Basin, Austria): the terrestrial gastropod approach. Geologica Carpathica, 59(1): 45-58, 2008
- ^ John T. C. Yen, O. Kühn: Fossile nicht-marine Mollusken-Faunen aus Nordchina. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 177(1/3): 21-71, 1969 Abstract （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）