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User:Shangkuanlc/沙盒/利多卡因

< User:Shangkuanlc‎ | 沙盒
Shangkuanlc/沙盒/利多卡因
臨床資料
读音Lidocaine /ˈlaɪdəˌkeɪn/[1][2]
Lignocaine /ˈlɪɡnəˌkeɪn/
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）Xylocaine
其他名稱N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N2,N2-diethylglycinamide
AHFS/Drugs.comLocal Monograph Injectable Monograph
懷孕分級
  • 澳: A
给药途径靜脈注射, subcutaneous（英语：Subcutaneous injection）, 外用藥物, 口服给药
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度35% (oral)
3% (topical)
药物代谢肝臟,[3] 90% CYP1A2-mediated
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）within 1.5 min (IV)[3]
生物半衰期1.5–2 hours
作用時間10 to 20 min(IV)[3], 2 to 3 hrs (injection)[4]
排泄途徑腎[3]
识别信息
  • 2-(diethylamino)-
    N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
CAS号137-58-6（
73-78-9 (hydrochloride)）  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
化学信息
化学式C14H22N2O
摩尔质量234.34 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））
熔点68 °C（154 °F）
  • O=C(Nc1c(cccc1C)C)CN(CC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C14H22N2O/c1-5-16(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(3)8-7-9-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-6,10H2,1-4H3,(H,15,17) checkY
  • Key:NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to 局部麻醉药 and to treat ventricular tachycardia（英语：ventricular tachycardia）.[4][3] It can be used for nerve block（英语：nerve block）s. Lidocaine mixed with a small amount 肾上腺素 is available to allow larger doses to be used as freezing and to make it last longer. As injectable freezing it typically begins working within four minutes and lasts for two to three hours. Lidocaine may also be applied directly to the skin for freezing.[4]

Common side effects with intravenous use include sleepiness, muscle twitching, confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It can cause 低血壓 and an irregular heart rate.[3] There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the 软骨.[4] It appears to be generally safe for use in 妊娠.[3] A lower dose may be required in those with liver problems.[3] It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine（英语：tetracaine） or 苯佐卡因.[4] Lidocaine is an 抗心律失常药 of the class Ib type.[3]

Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948.[5] It is on the 世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单, the most important medications needed in a basic healthcare system（英语：healthcare system）.[6] It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive.[4][7] A vial of medication wholesale is about 0.50 to 1.00 USD.[8]

References

编辑
  1. ^ Lidocaine. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 
  2. ^ Lidocaine. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Antiarrhythmic). The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Aug 26, 2015]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Local). The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Aug 26, 2015]. 
  5. ^ Pharmaceutical innovation : revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. 1999: 211. ISBN 9780941901215.  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  6. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. 
  7. ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 22. ISBN 9781284057560. 
  8. ^ Lidocaine HCL. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [27 August 2015]. 
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