埃斯梅拉达–雅鲁罗语系是委内瑞拉和厄瓜多尔两种未分类语言的假设语系：雅鲁罗语有6千使用者，埃斯梅拉达语已灭绝。它们的关系很远，但Kaufman (1990)发现了可信的证据，Campbell (2012)相信这一联系是确凿的。[1]:59–166
- ^ Campbell, Lyle. Classification of the indigenous languages of South America. Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (编). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 2012. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
- Kaufman, Terrence. Language History in South America: What we know and how to know more. Doris L. Payne (编). Amazonian Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1990.
