维基百科

帕金森症候群

「帕金森综合症」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「帕金森氏症」。

帕金森症候群（Parkinsonism）是和運動機能相關的臨床症候群，其特徵是顫抖、運動功能減退、僵硬（英语：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障礙（英语：balance disorder）[1][2]。在帕金森氏症（PD）患者身上會有類似症狀（此症候群因此而得名），而路易氏體失智症（DLB）、帕金森病性失智症（英语：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也會有此症狀。這類症候群的病因範圍很廣，包括神經退化障礙疾病、藥物、毒素、代謝疾病，或是帕金森氏症以外的神經性疾病[3]。

帕金森症候群
Parkinsonism
肇因
分类和外部资源
醫學專科神經學
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

病因 编辑

藥物引起 编辑

有帕金森症候群的人當中，約有7%是因為藥物的副作用而造成的，主要是因為抗精神病药，特別是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻噸（英语：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻噸（英语：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英语：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶爾也有因為抗憂鬱藥物而造成。藥物引起帕金森症候群的盛行率會隨年齡而上昇。藥物引起的帕金森症候群一但出現，多半會維持原有的程度，不像帕金森氏症會漸漸惡化[4]。

毒素 编辑

有發現殺蟲劑或除草劑暴露程度和帕金森氏症之間的關聯性。若暴露在百草枯或錳乃浦（英语：Maneb）/鋅錳乃浦（英语：Mancozeb）下，風險是原來的兩倍[5]。

已證實慢性锰（Mn）暴露會造成類似帕金森症候群的疾病，其特徵是運動障礙，此症狀無法用典型的帕金森症治療方式（英语：Management of Parkinson's disease）來治療，因此推測除了典型黑质內多巴胺能損失外，包括有其他的致病途徑[6]。锰會在基底核內累積，因此造成運動障礙[7]有一種和SLC30A10基因（錳外流轉運蛋白，減少細胞內錳所必需的蛋白）有關的變異和這種類似帕金森症候群疾病有關[8]。在這疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易體（英语：Lewy body）[7]。

診斷 编辑

許多疾病會造成帕金森症候群。

神經退化障礙及巴金森附加症候群（英语：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
藥物引發（偽帕金森症候群）
感染
毒素
創傷
血管的
其他

原發性震顫 编辑

根據2018年的回顧性研究，還不確定帕金森症候群和原發性震顫（英语：essential tremor）是否有關[30]。

參考資料 编辑

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  30. ^ Algarni M, Fasano A. The overlap between Essential tremor and Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. January 2018,. 46 Suppl 1: S101–S104. PMID 28729090. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.006. 

外部連結 编辑

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=帕金森症候群&oldid=79694185”