朝鲜民主主义人民共和国大元帅

大元帅（韓語：대원수）可能为朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的最高军衔级别，目前仅金日成和金正日为此等军衔^[1]。其等级高于元帅。中国历史上亦有大元帅，例如孙中山^[2]^[3]。

历史编辑

金日成八十岁生日庆典（1992年4月15日摄）

1992年4月，朝鲜劳动党中央委员会、中央军事委员会、国防委员会、中央人民委员会共同决定，为纪念金日成80岁诞辰（太阳节），特此设立大元帅衔并将其授予金日成。 2012年2月，金日成之子和继任者金正日在其七十岁冥诞（光明星节）之际被追授这一称号^[4]^[5]。

大元帅肩章与元帅相似，但在朝鲜国徽下方的帅星下方的徽章经过调整（并且在阅兵制服领子下方佩戴的的帅星上添另外加上了国徽）。肩章基于苏联非正式军衔“苏联大元帅”式样设计。

根据驻韩美军的军衔比较表，大元帅等效于“七星上将”，元帅和次帅则等效于特级和五星上将^[6]。尽管通常被认为该军衔等效于六星等级，但“大元帅”在美国军事出版物中与陆军上将相当。欧洲军事文献将等级评定为相当于大元帅。

韩国军队从未设置等效于朝鲜元帅的军衔，且却有嘲笑这些军衔是为了“超越”其他国家的军队统帅而设立，且无关军事指挥权。即便如此，这些军衔的持有者已经指挥了泛亚地区最大的军队之一，因此对他们的存在给予了一定认可^[7]。

^ Yi, Wonju. S. Korea urges N. Korea to stop escalating tensions over Kim's pledge to bolster nuclear power. Yonhap News Agency. 28 April 2022 [29 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-29）（英语）.
^ The People's Liberation Army as organization: reference volume v 1.0 - Volume 1 - Page 30 James C. Mulvenon, Andrew N. D. Yang, Center for Asia-Pacific Policy (Rand Corporation) - 2002 "Rank Categories - Ranks 1. Generalissimo (dayuanshuai) 2. Marshal (yuanshuai) 3. General Grade (jiangguan).. "
^ China this century - Page 169 Rafe De Crespigny - 1992 "In 1917 Sun Yatsen took for a time the title dayuanshuai, which basically means 'commander-in-chief ; though it is a general term rather than a military rank, it was translated as "
^ James Fleming Broken Border - Page 22 2009 "President Kim Jong Il is a man of many titles: Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army, Commander of the Armed Forces, Taewŏnsu (a seven–star general), Chairman of the National Defense Committee, General Secretary, ..."
^ Armstrong, Charles: "The Role and Influence of Ideology". In Kyung-Ae Park, Scott Snyder (ed.) North Korea in Transition: Politics, Economy, and Society 2012 "Kim Jong Il ... and on April 20th, 1992, he was named “Marshal” (Wonsu). Kim Il Sung had been named “Generalissimo” (Taewonsu) ..."
^ USFK Comparative Ranks Chart Publication (2006)
^ U.S. 7th Fleet Sharem Intelligence Brief, published 13 Dec 2007