额我略圣歌
音乐
(重定向自素歌)
葛利果聖歌[註 1](拉丁語:Cantus Gregorianus)是西方基督教单声圣歌的主要传统,是一种单声部、无伴奏的天主教會宗教音乐。葛利果聖歌主要是在第八世纪和第九世纪,法兰克人到达西欧和中欧期间发展起来,后来继续有所增加和编写。通常人们认为是额我略一世发明了葛利果聖歌(格里高利即额我略一世),但学者们认为是在后来的加洛林王朝时期,综合了罗马圣咏和高卢圣咏而形成。
葛利果圣咏共有8种调式。传统上,葛利果圣咏由男人或男孩组成的唱诗班在教堂中演唱。
历史
编辑早期单声圣歌的发展
编辑在天主教会最初的时期,无伴奏的歌唱就已经是天主教礼仪的一部分。直到1990年代中期,古犹太圣咏对早期基督教仪式和圣诗的影响得到广泛公认。但这一观点已不被学者接受,因为分析显示大部分早期基督教圣诗并没有歌本,而这些圣诗在公元70年第二圣殿被毁后,已经有数百年未在犹太会堂中演唱了[1]。不过,早期基督宗教仪式却是融合了犹太仪式的元素,保存在后来的圣咏传统中。祈祷时刻来源于犹太的祷告时间,“阿们”和“哈利路亚”都来自于希伯来语[2]。
注释
编辑参考文献
编辑引用
编辑来源
编辑- Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 978-2-85274-094-5
- Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
- Apel, Willi. Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.
- Crocker, Richard. The Early Medieval Sequence. University of California Press. 1977. ISBN 0-520-02847-3.
- Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-02807-2
- Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-816572-2.
- Hoppin, Richard, ed. Anthology of Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09080-9.
- Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6.
- Le Mee, Catherine. Chant: The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant. Harmony. 1994. ISBN 0-517-70037-9.
- Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33752-8
- McKinnon, James (编). Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. 1990. ISBN 0-13-036153-4.
- Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1996. ISBN 1-55553-240-3.
- Parrish, Carl. A Treasury of Early Music. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. 1986. ISBN 0-486-41088-9.
- Robinson, Ray (编). Choral Music. W.W. Norton & Co. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09062-0.
- Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
- Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. 1990. ISBN 0-02-872951-X.
外部链接
编辑- Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5-14 online at MusicaSacra.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at https://web.archive.org/web/20060616141014/http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
- Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp// (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- YouTube上的Gregorian Chant
参见
编辑天主教會彌撒的额我略圣歌 | |
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常用經文 | 垂憐經 | 光榮頌 | 信經 | 聖三頌(包涵迎主曲) | 羔羊頌 | 遣散禮 |
專用經文 | 進堂詠 | 集禱經 | 書信 | 福音前歡呼 | 福音 | 繼抒詠 | 奉獻詠 | 頌謝詞 | 領主詠 | 領聖體後經 |
特殊形式羅馬禮 | 升階經 |