美国国防分析研究所
美国国防分析研究所 （英語：Institute for Defense Analyses[1]）以英文简称IDA著称于世，[2]是一家美国非营利性机构，于1956年成立，[3]总部位于弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市，负责管理系统与分析中心、科学与技术政策研究所以及通信与计算中心等三个联邦政府资助的研发中心，其宗旨是协助美国政府解决国家安全问题特别是那些需要科学和技术专家才能解决的的问题。
发展历史 编辑
美国国防分析研究所勃兴于第二次世界大战，有两个重要理念催生了国防分析研究所，其一，必须将几项服务统一为一个协调的部门，其二，关于科学与科学家以及国家安全之间关系的力量的认知。当哈里·杜鲁门总统签署了1947年和1949年的《国家安全法》并且成立了国防部时，第一个理念落地。1947年，陆军部和海军部合并成立了国家军事机构，今日之国防部是在1949年成立的。[4]
为给予刚刚成立的美国国防部长办公室技术专家与资源以使其为己所用，国防部第一秘书詹姆斯·福雷斯塔尔于1948年组建武器系统评估小组，[5]以协助国防部长办公室和参谋长联席会议成员组织：
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 张群; 杨新泉. 运营管理. 清华大学出版社有限公司. 2006: 45–. ISBN 978-7-81082-653-2.
- ^ The Institute is generally known by its acronym, "IDA." Per Vance, Burt. "IDA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）." A Dictionary of Abbreviations. : Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference. 2011. Date Accessed 21 Apr. 2014. And also Ann Finkbeiner, The Jasons: The Secret History of Science's Postwar Elite. New York: Penguin Books, 2007, p. 36.
- ^ The birth of IDA was due to the failure of WSEG to attract top talent or compete with the RAND Corporation, which had been established at the same time as RAND. IDA was designed to be able to pay its employees higher salaries and operate with greater independence than those on the federal payroll. See Paul E. Ceruzzi, Internet Alley: High Technology in Tyson's Corner, 1945–2005. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008, pp. 44–48. According to a report for Congress which summarizes the founding of IDA, "There was considerable concern in the early and mid-1950s that [WSEG] was not performing effectively, so the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) was created to act as a technical backstop to WSEG and to facilitate the recruitment of high-caliber scientific manpower." See U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. A History of the Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Centers 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2014-04-29., OTA-BP-ISS-157. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1995, p. 26.
- ^ U.S. Department of Defense. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2019-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-29）.
- ^ A history of the WSEG—whose life extended until September 1976—has been published in the IDA paper, "Analytical Support for the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The WSEG Experience, 1958–1976 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）." Alexandria, Va.: The Institute, 1979.