羟考酮

**羟考酮**
臨床資料
读音	ɒksɪˈkəʊdəʊn
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	OxyContin, Endone, others
其他名稱	Eukodal, eucodal; dihydrohydroxycodeinone, 7,8-dihydro-14-hydroxycodeinone, 6-deoxy-7,8-dihydro-14-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6-oxomorphine
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682132
核准狀況	美 DailyMed: Oxycodone;
懷孕分級	澳: C ; ;
依賴性	高
给药途径	口服给药, 口腔黏膜吸收, 肌肉注射, 靜脈注射, 鼻腔给药, 皮下注射, 經皮给药（英语：transdermal administration）, 直肠给药（英语：rectal administration）, 硬脊膜外麻醉
ATC碼	N02AA05 (WHO) ; N02AA55 N02AJ18 N02AJ19 N02AA56 N02AJ17;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：受管控（S8）; 中：麻醉药品（氨酚羟考酮片第二类精神药品）; 德：Anlage III; 英：Class A; 美：附表II;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	口服: 60–87%
血漿蛋白結合率	45%
排泄途徑	尿 (83%)
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 (5R,9R,13S,14S)-4,5α-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one; ;
CAS号	76-42-6
PubChem CID	5284603;
IUPHAR/BPS	7093;
DrugBank	DB00497 ;
ChemSpider	4447649 ;
UNII	CD35PMG570;
KEGG	D05312 ; as HCl: D00847 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:7852 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL656 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID5023407 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.874
化学信息
化学式	C18H21NO4
摩尔质量	315.37 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
熔点	219 °C（426 °F）
水溶性	166 (HCl)
	SMILES O=C4[C@@H]5Oc1c2c(ccc1OC)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@]25[C@@]3(O)CC4)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H21NO4/c1-19-8-7-17-14-10-3-4-12(22-2)15(14)23-16(17)11(20)5-6-18(17,21)13(19)9-10/h3-4,13,16,21H,5-9H2,1-2H3/t13-,16+,17+,18-/m1/s1 ; Key:BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N ;

羟考酮是一种用于緩解疼痛的口服鴉片類藥物，于1916年首次在德国制成。^[7]它具有高度成瘾性^[8]，因此容易被滥用。 ^[9]^[10]^[9]服用藥物後該藥在十五分钟内就能開始缓解疼痛，藥效可以持续六個小时。^[9]

該藥常见的副作用有欣快、便秘、恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、嗜睡、頭暈、瘙痒、口乾和出汗。^[9]严重的副作用可能包括上瘾、物質依賴、物質濫用、易怒、抑鬱、狂躁、譫妄、幻觉、換氣不足、心跳过缓和低血壓。^[9]

参考文献编辑

^ O'Neil MJ (编). The Merck index 14th. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co. 2006. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1.
^ Oxycodone Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. 14 October 2019 [12 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-19）.
^ Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [2022-07-10]. ISBN 978-1-4557-0150-6. （原始内容存档于2020-07-28）（英语）.
^ Kalso E. Oxycodone. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. May 2005, 29 (5 Suppl): S47–S56. PMID 15907646. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010  .
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. Medscape Reference. WebMD. [8 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-13）.
^ Elliott JA, Smith HS. Handbook of Acute Pain Management. CRC Press. 19 April 2016: 82– [2022-07-10]. ISBN 978-1-4665-9635-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
^ Drug discovery: a history. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 2005: 119. ISBN 978-0-471-89980-8.
^ Remillard D, Kaye AD, McAnally H. Oxycodone's Unparalleled Addictive Potential: Is it Time for a Moratorium?. Current Pain and Headache Reports. February 2019, 23 (2): 15. PMID 30820686. S2CID 73488265. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0751-7.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. AHFS. [28 December 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-28）.
^ Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, LeQuang JA, Raffa RB. Managing severe pain and abuse potential: the potential impact of a new abuse-deterrent formulation oxycodone/naltrexone extended-release product. Journal of Pain Research. 2018, 11: 301–311. PMC 5810535  . PMID 29445297. doi:10.2147/JPR.S127602.

[MerckIndex-1] O'Neil MJ (编). The Merck index 14th. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co. 2006. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1.

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-2] Oxycodone Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. 14 October 2019 [12 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-19）.

[3] Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E. Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 571 [2022-07-10]. ISBN 978-1-4557-0150-6. （原始内容存档于2020-07-28）（英语）.

[Kalso2005-4] Kalso E. Oxycodone. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. May 2005, 29 (5 Suppl): S47–S56. PMID 15907646. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010  .

[MSR-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. Medscape Reference. WebMD. [8 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-13）.

[ElliottSmith2016-6] Elliott JA, Smith HS. Handbook of Acute Pain Management. CRC Press. 19 April 2016: 82– [2022-07-10]. ISBN 978-1-4665-9635-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.

[Oxysynthesis2005-7] Drug discovery: a history. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 2005: 119. ISBN 978-0-471-89980-8.

[8] Remillard D, Kaye AD, McAnally H. Oxycodone's Unparalleled Addictive Potential: Is it Time for a Moratorium?. Current Pain and Headache Reports. February 2019, 23 (2): 15. PMID 30820686. S2CID 73488265. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0751-7.

[AHFS2018-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. AHFS. [28 December 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-28）.

[Per2018-10] Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, LeQuang JA, Raffa RB. Managing severe pain and abuse potential: the potential impact of a new abuse-deterrent formulation oxycodone/naltrexone extended-release product. Journal of Pain Research. 2018, 11: 301–311. PMC 5810535  . PMID 29445297. doi:10.2147/JPR.S127602.

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羟考酮

参考文献 编辑

参考文献编辑