联合国安全理事会主席国
| 此條目翻譯品質不佳。 (2023年4月9日) |
联合国安全理事会主席国负责领导联合国安全理事会工作，安理会15个成员国轮流担任。主席国代表团团长称为联合国安理会主席。自1946年成立以来[1]，主席国每月轮换一次，负责协调安理会行动，决定政策争端，有时还充当外交官或冲突方之间的中间人。
| 联合国安全理事会主席国 | |||||||||||||
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| 所属 | 联合国安全理事会 | ||||||||||||
| 機關所在地 | 联合国总部大楼 | ||||||||||||
| 任命者 | 联合国安全理事会 | ||||||||||||
| 任期 | 每月更换一次 | ||||||||||||
| 設立法源 | 联合国宪章 | ||||||||||||
| 设立 | 1946年1月17日 | ||||||||||||
| 首任 | 澳大利亚 | ||||||||||||
| 网站 | www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/presidency | ||||||||||||
Role 编辑
The presidency derives responsibility from the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council as well as the council's practice.[2] The role of the president involves calling the meetings of the Security Council,[3] approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the 联合国秘书长),[4] presiding at its meetings,[5] deciding questions relating to policy[6] and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements[7] (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes,[8] which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue.[9] The president is also responsible for reading statements of the Security Council to the press. The holder of the presidency is considered to be the 'face' and spokesperson of the 联合国安全理事会.[10] The holder of the presidency may appeal to parties in a conflict to "exercise restraint".[11]
The president represents the Security Council before other United Nations organs and member states. They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order.[12] Particularly after the end of the 冷战, the president has worked to coordinate the UNSC with other organs.[13] The president has authority to rule upon 秩序問題, which can be put to a vote if a member of the council challenges it.[11] They also name members of various subsidiary organs, and are generally responsible for maintaining order.[14] Since November 2000, the president has generally prepared background papers for on the topic being discussed.[15]
The president also continues to represent their state. If their nation is involved in a conflict the UNSC is discussing, they are expected to temporarily step down.[14] Conversely, because the presidency rotates monthly, all nations on the UNSC can evenly emphasize issues important to them.[16] Most non-permanent states hold the presidency once or twice during their two-year terms; 布吉納法索 changed its name from 上伏塔 in August 1984 during its term, and held it three times.[17] The president often makes a distinction between when they are speaking as the president and as the representative of their state.[18]
Davidson Nicol, an academic, writes that:
Although the role of the President should not be exaggerated, the work of the Council, its reputation and that of the United Nations are very much affected by the calibre and style of the individual who presides over the organ having responsibility for international peace and security. . . The Security Council is the pivot of the United Nations in efforts to maintain and enhance international peace and security. The major function of its President should be to guide it effectively and expeditiously toward this noble goal. [19]
Identity 编辑
The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state to the security council is usually the president of the council,[12] but the presidency is technically given to a state and not a person.[16] For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council,[20] 美国副总统 阿尔·戈尔 headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the president of the Security Council during this time.[21] Heads of state have met six times at the UNSC.[22] All members of the council, including the president, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the 联合国秘书长, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.[23]
Origins 编辑
The 联合国宪章 mentions the presidency once,[24] stating that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its president" in Article 30.[25] At its first meeting on 17 January 1946, the UNSC adopted provisional rule 18 and established the following method of selecting the president: the presidency rotates monthly among the fifteen (1946: eleven) members of the Security Council. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official names in English.[a] As such, Australia was the first nation to hold the presidency.[26][27][12] Such rotation makes the presidency unique among all United Nations organs.[16] Terms began and ended on the 17 of every month until a suggestion by Australia in December 1946 to change led to the term being extended so the presidency would rotate on the first of every month. The president is the only non-elected head of a 联合国系统.[26][28]
Function 编辑
In 1981, Sydney D. Bailey, an observer of the United Nations, divided the history of the UNSC into three eras; from 1946 to 1955, 1956–1965, and 1966 to 1981. In the first, presidents often acted on their own initiative without consulting the security council. During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to 达格·哈马舍尔德]". From 1966 to 1981, the president began informally discussing matters before holding formal sessions and generally becoming more efficient.[29]
Early function 编辑
In 1947 and 1948, the UNSC was involved in the 以色列独立宣言 and the ensuing 第一次中东战争. In July 1948, the 乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国 held the presidency. The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace. The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.[30]
德米特里·曼努伊尔斯基, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'. However, the UNSC had not formally recognized the state. Various member-states criticized his action, and only the United States supported it. In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter. Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government."[30]
In 1948, the president informally engaged in diplomacy several times, the first in January 1948, when the Belgian president requested that India and Pakistan "refrain from any step incompatible with the Charter and liable to result in an aggravation of the situation’'. In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace. Later that year, the Argentinian president established a 'Technical Committee on Berlin Currency and Trade'.[31] In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".[32]
The president has also formally negotiated on behalf of the UNSC several times. In February 1957, upon the request of the UNSC, then-president Gunnar Jarring of Sweden prepared a report on 印度–巴基斯坦关系. He consulted with both nations and discussed many potential solutions to their disagreements, none of which were agreed upon. Such actions have generally not been requested since the 1970s. The president will also manage less formal negotiations upon request of the council.[31]
Later function 编辑
In a 31 March 1976 meeting discussing South African aggression against 安哥拉, the meeting continued past midnight and it was technically 1 April. Thomas S. Boya, the representative of 贝宁 and president for March, offered to pass the presidency on to China. Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed. A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.[28]
In September 1994, during the 卢旺达种族灭绝, 卢旺达 was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July. On 25 August, the Council decided to allow Spain to hold the position for September. A Rwandan delegation was again present on 16 September, and it was decided that the nation would hold the presidency in December.[17] The presidency has been ceded several times. The first was from 10 to 12 January 1950, when the representative of 中華民國 ceded to Cuba. The United States ceded in 1948, China in 1950, India in 1951, Lebanon in 1956, and the United Kingdom in 1968. On 10 November 1993 the representative of 佛得角, José Luís Jesus, ceded to China as he was a candidate for election to the 国际法院; and on 15 December 1994 the Rwandan representative ceded to Argentina. Both the United States and 苏联 refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the 冷战 and USSR during the 刚果危机.[33][34]
Taieb Slim, the 突尼西亞n holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked 伊朗 and 伊拉克 to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means.[11] The presidency was reformed in a 2010 note revised its function, largely focusing on increasing transparency. Efforts at such reform had begun in the 1990s.[35] There have been various other efforts to reform the position, such as allowing terms to be extended during times of war.[36]
Numerous people have served multiple times as president. The most times anyone has held the position is sixteen, by 蔣廷黻, a representative of the Republic of China; the second-most was held by 雅科夫·馬利克, a representative of the USSR, ten.[37]
历任主席 编辑
1946–1949 编辑
安理會主席（1946–1949年）：[38]
1950–1954 编辑
安理會主席（1950–1954）:[39]
1955–1959 编辑
安理會主席（1955–1959年）：[39]
1960–1964 编辑
安理會主席（1960–1964:[40]
1965–1969 编辑
安理會主席（1965–1969年）：[40]
1970–1974 编辑
安理會主席（1970–1974:[41]
1975–1979 编辑
安理會主席（1975–1979年）：[41]
1980–1984 编辑
安理會主席（1980–1984:[42]
1985–1989 编辑
安理會主席（1985–1989年）：[42]
1990–1994 编辑
安理會主席（1990–1994）:[43]
1995–1999 编辑
安理會主席（1995–1999年）：[43]
2000–2004 编辑
Presidents from 2000–2004:[20]
2005–2009 编辑
2010–2014 编辑
2015–2019 编辑
2020–2024 编辑
參見 编辑
註 编辑
參考 编辑
- ^ Security Council Presidency | United Nations Security Council. www.un.org. [2021-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-22）.
- ^ Pogany 1982，第231頁.
- ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter I, Rules 1 and 2 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期30 June 2017.
- ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter II, Rule 7 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期30 June 2017.
- ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, Rule 19 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期30 June 2017.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第120頁.
- ^ UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于11 August 2012）.
- ^ Notes by the president of the Security Council. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于30 March 2012）.
- ^ UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008. United Nations. [9 June 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-11）.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第119, 124頁.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Pogany 1982，第233頁.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Pogany 1982，第232頁.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第111頁.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Pogany 1982，第234頁.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第119頁.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Sievers & Daws 2015，第112頁.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Sievers & Daws 2015，第114頁.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第11頁.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第32,34頁.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 Presidents of the Security Council : 2000–, United Nations. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期1 May 2009.
- ^ Crossette, Barbara. Gore Presides Over Rare Security Council Debate on AIDS. The New York Times. 11 January 2000 [25 April 2020]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2023-02-07）.
- ^ President Obama Chairs the U.N. Security Council Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters. White House. 24 September 2014 [26 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-26）.
- ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter III, rule 13 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期30 June 2017.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第6頁.
- ^ 联合国宪章, ch. V 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期1 October 2013., s. 30.
- ^ 26.0 26.1 Nicol 1981，第6–7頁.
- ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, rule 18 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期30 June 2017.
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Sievers & Daws 2015，第113頁.
- ^ Bailey 1981，第38–39, 41頁.
- ^ 30.0 30.1 Pogany 1982，第237–243頁.
- ^ 31.0 31.1 Sievers & Daws 2015，第121-122頁.
- ^ Bailey 1981，第39頁.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第115-116頁.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第13頁.
- ^ Sievers & Daws 2015，第124-125頁.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第7頁.
- ^ Nicol 1981，第28頁.
- ^ Presidents of the Security Council : 1946–1949 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期24 October 2012., United Nations.
- ^ 39.0 39.1 Presidents of the Security Council : 1950–1959 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期28 August 2011., United Nations.
- ^ 40.0 40.1 Presidents of the Security Council : 1960–1969 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期8 August 2007., United Nations.
- ^ 41.0 41.1 Presidents of the Security Council : 1970–1979 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期18 October 2012., United Nations.
- ^ 42.0 42.1 Presidents of the Security Council : 1980–1989 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期31 December 2008., United Nations.
- ^ 43.0 43.1 Presidents of the Security Council : 1990–1999 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期18 October 2012., United Nations.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On London Terrorist Attack. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Press Statement By Security Council President On Assassination Of Sri Lanka'S Foreign Minister. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ PRESS STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT OF SECURITY COUNCIL ON 14 SEPTEMBER MEETING. United Nations. 14 September 2005 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau By Security Council President. United Nations. 22 September 2005 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Press Statement On Liberian Elections By Security Council President. United Nations. 14 October 2005 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Remarks By Iran'S President. United Nations. 9 December 2005 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Work Of Commission Investigating Killing Of Former Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri. United Nations. 17 January 2006 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Press Statement On Haiti By Security Council President. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Press Statement On Chad, Darfur By Security Council President. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Press Statement On Afghanistan Terror Attack By Security Council President. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Press Statement By Security Council President On Democratic Republic Of Congo. United Nations. 30 May 2006 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2013）.
- ^ SECURITY COUNCIL PRESS STATEMENT CONCERNING 3 JUNE ATTACK ON RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S BAGHDAD DIPLOMATS. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo. United Nations. [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan. United Nations. 11 September 2006 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan. United Nations. 9 October 2006 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Situation In Haiti. United Nations. 16 November 2006 [26 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Fiji. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Press Conference By Security Council President. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于14 February 2007）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Côte D'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Timor-Leste. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Sudan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia, Eritrea. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Haiti. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Lebanon. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Côte D'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Attack. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic, Chad. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Haiti. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Burundi. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Kabul Bomb Attack. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于27 September 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Terrorist Attack In Lebanon. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Strongly Condemns Deadly Terrorist Attack In Lebanon. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Secretary-General, Former Top Special Adviser Join High-Level Meeting As Security Council Stresses Importance Of Mediation In Peaceful Settlement Of Disputes. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Presidency by China in October 2008. [18 September 2009]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2012）.
- ^ Build On Positive Trends To Reverse Deteriorating Situation In Afghanistan, Says Secretary-General'S Special Representative While Briefing Security Council. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Regional Centre For Preventive Diplomacy For Central Asia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ SECURITY COUNCIL, EXPRESSING DEEP CONCERN OVER 'CONTINUOUS TERRORIST ATTACKS', CALLS FOR RENEWAL OF GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AGAINST THREAT MANIFESTED AFTER 9/11. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2012）.
- ^ Adopting Text On Middle East Conflict, Security Council Reaffirms Support For Annapolis Outcomes, Declares Negotiations 'Irreversible'. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于6 October 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Lord'S Resistance Army. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于6 January 2014）.
- ^ As Security Council Meets On Gaza, Secretary-General Calls For Swift Ceasefire, Says 'We Must Move From Debate To Action, And Must Do So Immediately'. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 June 2014）.
- ^ Briefing Security Council, High Commissioner For Refugees Says Situations In Iraq, Somalia Key To Rising Numbers Of Displaced Persons Worldwide. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq Elections. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Special Tribunal For Lebanon. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于9 March 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ SECURITY COUNCIL REAFFIRMS COMMITMENT TO ADDRESS WIDESPREAD IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILDREN, AFTER HEARING OVER 60 SPEAKERS IN DAY-LONG DEBATE. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于16 April 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Sri Lanka. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Presidential Statement Reiterates Urgent Need For Renewed Efforts To Achieve Comprehensive Peace In Middle East. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Burundi. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Commends Iraq On Important Efforts To Strengthen Democracy, Improve Security, Combat Sectarian Violence, In Presidential Statement. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Organization Mission In Democratic Republic Of The Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 August 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Presidential Statement Stresses Importance Of Launching Peacebuilding Efforts In Immediate Post-Conflict Period. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Elections. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Expresses Concern at Delay in Publication of Provisional Voters List for 29 November Presidential Election in Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ President Obama Chairs the U.N. Security Council Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters. 24 September 2014 [26 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于26 February 2019）.
- ^ Decisions on Forming Effective Government in Afghanistan Will Determine Prospects for Ending Conflict, Top Official Tells Security Council in Briefing. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Adopts Text Mandating Peacekeeping Missions to Protect Women, Girls from Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 October 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on the Kabul Bomb Attack. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于21 April 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Elections in Afghanistan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于10 August 2014）.
- ^ Security Council, in Statement, Condemns 3 December Terrorist Attack in Somalia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Haiti Earthquake. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan Conference in London. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Guinea-Bissau. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 July 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Darfur. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Iraq Election Certification. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Lebanon. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Panel of Inquiry on 31 May Flotilla Incident. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于19 January 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于11 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Summit Pledges to Continue Strengthening Activities for Maintenance of International Peace, Security. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 June 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Concerned about Continuing Threat of Terrorism, Including Actions Driven by Intolerance, Extremism. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 October 2010）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Abuja Bombings. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Election in Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire Elections. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Southern Sudan Referendum. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于18 December 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2014）.
- ^ Recognizing Interconnected Nature of Haiti's Long-term Development Challenges, Security Council Reiterates Need for Sustained International Support. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于12 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Abyei, Sudan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于18 December 2013）.
- ^ Unanimously Adopting 1983 (2011), Security Council Encourages Inclusion of HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care, Support in Implementing Peacekeeping Mandates. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 December 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Statement on Development Fund for Iraq. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于7 June 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 November 2012）.
- ^ Adopting Resolution 1999 (2011) Without Vote, Security Council Recommends Admission of Republic of South Sudan as United Nations Member. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 September 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on United Nations Peacekeepers in Abyei. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 February 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in India. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于10 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Pledges Strengthened UN Effectiveness in Preventing Conflict, Including Through Use of Early Warning, Preventive Deployment, Mediation. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 May 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Somalia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 April 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Abyei. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于19 April 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of the Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Damascus Terrorist Attack. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Sudan's Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile States. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于24 June 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Syria. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 July 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Mali. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于6 July 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of the Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 November 2012）.
- ^ U.N. Security Council, 67th year. Provisional Verbatim Record of the Six-thousand seven-hundred and sixty-fifth Meeting Held at Headquarters, New York, On Friday, 4 May 2012. (S/PV.6765 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）) 4 May 2012
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Issues Presidential Statement Demanding Immediate End to Atrocities by Lord's Resistance Army in Central Africa. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on the Contribution of Courts and Tribunals in the Fight against Impunity. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 November 2012）.
- ^ Security Council, in Presidential Statement, Condemns Aerial Bombardments, Other Violations by Sudan, South Sudan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2012）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attacks in Iraq. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Killing of Peacekeepers in Darfur. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 November 2012）.
- ^ Haiti's 'Steady Progress' Justifies Recommendation to Extend Peacekeeping Mandate, Secretary-General's Special Representative Tells Security Council. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 February 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation between Iraq and Kuwait. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于30 June 2013）.
- ^ Security Council, in Statement, Calls for Comprehensive Strategy for Beleaguered Sahel Region; Secretary-General Sees 'Sustained, Systemic Crisis'. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于27 January 2013）.
- ^ 'Nothing Can Justify Terrorism — Ever,' Says Secretary-General, as Security Council Hears from Some 50 Speakers in Day-Long Debate. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 May 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Attack against United States Embassy in Ankara. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Nuclear Test Conducted by Democratic People?s Republic of Korea. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于17 June 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Detention of Peacekeepers in Syria. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于19 June 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于17 June 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Statement Stresses Conflict Prevention in Africa Must Address Root Causes — Poverty, Poor Governance, Political Exclusion. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于9 January 2014）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for May. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2013）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for June. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 November 2013）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Briefing by Head of United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于7 December 2013）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for August. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于31 August 2013）.
- ^ SC/11105. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [31 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2013）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for September. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [5 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2 October 2013）.
- ^ Security Council adopts first-ever resolution dedicated to question of small arms, light weapons. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [28 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2 October 2013）.
- ^ President of the United Nations Security Council. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [2 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2013）.
- ^ Security Council advocates greater ties with Organization of Islamic Cooperation to resolve conflict in Middle East, other strife-torn regions. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [2 November 2013]. （原始内容存档于31 October 2013）.
- ^ Security Council press statement on journalists killed in Mali. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [4 November 2013]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2013）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on work programme for december. United Nations Department of Public information, News and Media Division, New York. [6 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于10 December 2013）.
- ^ Reviewing international criminal tribunals, Security Council welcomes their aim of ending impunity, generating extensive case law. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [6 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于12 December 2013）.
- ^ SC/11239 – Security Council Press Statement on Attack in Lebanon. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [5 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2014）.
- ^ SC/11269 – Security Council Press Statement on Lebanon. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [4 February 2014]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2014）.
- ^ SC/11279 – Security Council issues presidential statement applauding European Union's partnership with United Nations in resolving global challenges. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [22 February 2014]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2014）.
- ^ SC/11304 – Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in Kunming, China. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Meia Division, New York. [5 March 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 April 2014）.
- ^ https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sc11345.doc.htm [失效連結]
- ^ https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sc11380.doc.htm [失效連結]
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Iraq. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 September 2014）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for July. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于11 September 2014）.
- ^ Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for August. United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. [5 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于10 August 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Mali | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of the Congo | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on South Sudan. United Nations. [22 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于24 December 2014）.
- ^ Security Council Press Release on Terrorist Attack in Mogadishu. United Nations. [22 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack on French Newspaper. United Nations. [22 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于7 March 2015）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Murder of Kenji Goto. United Nations. [22 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于13 March 2015）.
- ^ Security Council Press Release on Terrorist Attack in Tunisia. United Nations. [22 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2 April 2015）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Al-Shabaab Attack in Garissa, Kenya. United Nations. [6 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于15 April 2015）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Mali | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on the Situation in Yemen | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Libya | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于22 December 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Al-Shabaab Attack | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于22 December 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于22 December 2017）.
- ^ UN Web TV. [6 November 2015]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in Kabul | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 May 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Attacks on Saudi Diplomatic Premises in Iran | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于10 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in Damascus | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in Tunisia | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于18 May 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Libya | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于29 September 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Syria | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于12 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack against United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Fighting in Wau, South Sudan | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于17 May 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic People's Republic of Korea Ballistic Missile Launches | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [3 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于24 September 2016）.
- ^ Zahid to chair debate at UN Security Council. NST Online. 21 August 2016 [24 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于24 December 2016）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack against Chinese Embassy in Kyrgyzstan | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [3 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2017）.
- ^ Audrey Young, "Key does good job as chair of UN Security Council" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期24 September 2016., 新西兰先驱报, 22 September 2016.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Yemen | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [1 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于18 May 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Mali | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 June 2017）.
- ^ Security Council Press Statement on Colombia's Peace Agreement | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [29 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 June 2017）.
- ^ Programme for Sweden's membership of the United Nations Security Council 2017–2018. 9 December 2016 [2 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 January 2017）.
- ^ UNSC concerned about Donbas, to meet on Feb 2 amid Ukraine's presidency. [1 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2017）.
- ^ #UKPres hashtag on Twitter. [1 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2017）.
- ^ Embajador Llorenti recibe presidencia del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU - la Razón. [19 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于20 October 2017）.
- ^ Overview, August 2017 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 August 2017）.
- ^ Facebook. www.facebook.com. [2023-02-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）.
- ^ October 2017: French Presidency of the UN Security Council. [1 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 October 2017）.
- ^ Overview, November 2017 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于31 October 2017）.
- ^ The Week Ahead at the United Nations | United Nations Secretary-General. [1 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2017）.
- ^ Overview, January 2018 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2018）.
- ^ Security Council Report Monthly Forecast, February 2018 - World. [1 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2018）.
- ^ Government aims to use Security Council 2018 term to contribute to peace and security | News item | the Netherlands at International Organisations. [1 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 March 2018）.
- ^ Archived copy (PDF). [1 April 2018]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于14 February 2019）.
- ^ Poland's UN Security Council presidency may be historical - President's aide | Polska Agencja Prasowa SA. [1 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于14 February 2019）.
- ^ Overview, June 2018 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2018）.
- ^ Sweden holds the Presidency of the UN Security Council. 26 June 2018 [2 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于2 July 2018）.
- ^ Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General. 31 July 2018 [31 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 August 2018）.
- ^ Overview, September 2018 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 September 2018]. （原始内容存档于31 August 2018）.
- ^ 245.0 245.1 The Week Ahead at the United Nations | United Nations Secretary-General. [1 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2017）.
- ^ Cote d'Ivoire to chair UNSC in December. 23 November 2018 [1 December 2018]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2018）.
- ^ National Ownership, Economic Investment, Key to Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Efforts, President Tells Security Council | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. [10 December 2018]. （原始内容存档于11 December 2018）.
- ^ 248.0 248.1 Security Council Report Monthly Forecast, January 2019 - World. [1 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 January 2019）.
- ^ Foreign Minister meets Principal Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs in Washington - Official Web Page of the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. [31 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于31 January 2019）.
- ^ World must do more to tackle 'shadowy' mercenary activities undermining stability in Africa, says UN chief. 4 February 2019 [1 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 March 2019）.
- ^ March 2019年）： French Presidency of the Security Council. [1 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 March 2019）.
- ^ UN Security Council: Germany, France share presidency | DW | 01.04.2019. 德国之声. [1 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 April 2019）.
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- ^ Overview, May 2019 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 May 2019）.
- ^ Overview, June 2019 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 June 2019]. （原始内容存档于1 June 2019）.
- ^ Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, July 2019 Monthly Forecast : Security Council Report. [1 July 2019]. （原始内容存档于29 June 2019）.
- ^ September 2019 at the United Nations. United Nations Information Center Washington. United Nations. 16 September 2019 [18 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于8 December 2019）.
- ^ Peltz, Jennifer. UN Security Council to head to Washington, and Kentucky. The Washington Post. 2 December 2019 [5 December 2019]. （原始内容存档于6 December 2019）.
- ^ Việt Nam's ready to assume seat on UN Security Council. Việt Nam News. 31 December 2019 [5 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于31 December 2019）.
- ^ Phó Thủ tướng Phạm Bình Minh sẽ chủ trì phiên Thảo luận mở cấp Bộ trưởng của Hội đồng Bảo an LHQ. Báo Thế giới & Việt Nam. 8 January 2020 [9 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-07）.
- ^ Belgium takes over the presidency of the United Nations Security Council. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of Belgium. Kingdom of Belgium. 3 February 2020 [4 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2020）.
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- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. The Dominican Republic's Hope for April: Smooth Sailing. Pass Blue. 新學院 (紐約). 2 April 2020 [6 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于6 April 2020）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. Estonia to Deliver High Tech, at Last, to the UN Security Council. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 30 April 2020 [25 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. France's Printemps Européen on the Security Council. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 1 June 2020 [25 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. Germany Renews Its Push for Multilateralism as the Top Dog in July. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 5 July 2020 [25 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. Indonesia's Legacy in the Security Council: Daring to Save Lives. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 3 August 2020 [25 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. Niger Brings the Voice of the Sahel Into the UN Security Council. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 1 September 2020 [7 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. Russia Brings Human Contact Back to the UN Security Council. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 4 October 2020 [7 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
- ^ Fillion, Stéphanie. The Smallest State to Ever Lead the UN Security Council: St. Vincent and the Grenadines. PassBlue. 新學院 (紐約). 2 November 2020 [7 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-31）.
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參考書目 编辑
- Bailey, Sydney Dawson; Daws, Sam. The Procedure of the UN Security Council 3rd. New York: Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-19-828073-4.
- Kelsen, Hans. The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems. New York: F.A. Praeger. 1950.
- Luck, Edward C. The UN Security Council: A Primer. New York: Routledge. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35531-1.
- Nicol, Davidson (编). Paths to peace: the UN Security Council and its presidency. Pergamon Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9 （英语）.
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- Bailey, Syndey D. The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council. Nicol, Davidson (编). Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and Its Presidency. Pergamon Press. 1981: 37–47. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
- Chai, F. Y. The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council. Nicol, Davidson (编). The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. 1981: 48–64. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
- Bishara, Abdalla. The Vietnam-China-Kampuchea [Cambodia] Conflict, 1979. Nicol, Davidson (编). The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. 1981: 67–73. ISBN 978-0-08-026322-9.
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- Sievers, Loraine; Daws, Sam. The procedure of the UN Security Council. 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-180374-1. OCLC 1013608149. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199685295.001.0001 （英语）.
外部鏈接 编辑
- UN Security Council Presidency 官方網站 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Presidents of the Security Council in ... （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, United Nations Documentation, un.org