肉座菌目
粪壳菌纲的一目细菌
肉座菌目(學名：Hypocreales)是糞殼菌綱（学名：Sordariomycetes）之下一個真菌的目。根據一份2008年出版的文獻，估計本目包含7科、237属、2647物种[2]；與此同時，根據Catalog of Life，截至2021 年4月[update]，本目包含6科、137屬、1411物種[3]。這還未包括往後才辨識的其他分類單元，例如在2014年描述的葡萄穗黴科 （Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & Crous, 2014）[4]。本科得名於其成員葡萄穗霉菌屬（Stachybotrys）[4][5]。
肉座菌目
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| Tolypocladium capitatum | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota |
| 亚门： | 盘菌亚门 Pezizomycotina |
| 纲： | 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes |
| 目： | 肉座菌目 Hypocreales Lindau (1897) |
下属分类 编辑
本目包括以下科：
- 生赤壳科 Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman, 1999
- Calcarisporiaceae
- 麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae Earle, 1901
- Cocoonihabitaceae
- 虫草科 Cordycipitaceae
- Cylindriaceae
- Flammocladiellaceae
- 肉座菌科 Hypocreaceae De Not., 1844
- Juncigenaceae
- Myrotheciomycetaceae
- 叢赤殼科 Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul., 1865
- Niessliaceae Kirschst., 1939
- 线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, 2007
- Sarocladiaceae
- 葡萄穗黴科 Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & Crous, 2014
- 多头束霉科 Tilachlidiaceae
- Psychronectria (D.Hawksw.) J.Pawłowska, Istel, Wrzosek & D.Hawksw., 2017
- 多头束霉属 Tilachlidium Preuss
- Tilachlidium atratum Lindf.
- Tilachlidium brachiatum (Batsch) Petch
- Tilachlidium cinnabarinum Kidd & Beaumont
- Tilachlidium humicola Oudem.
- Tilachlidium malorum Marchal & É.J.Marchal
- Tilachlidium medietatis Novobr.
- Tilachlidium microsporum Kamyschko
- Tilachlidium nigrescens Marchal & É.J.Marchal
- Tilachlidium pinnatum Preuss
- 蚁生多头束霉 Tilachlidium poneraticum Z.Q.Liang, J.D.Liang, Wan H.Chen & Y.F.Han
- Tilachlidium proliferum Oudem.
- Tilachlidium racemosum Oudem.
- Tilachlidium ramosum (Mains) Mains
- Tilachlidium roseum Svilv.
- Tilachlidium setigerum Malençon
- Tilachlidium subulatum A.L.Sm.
- Xanthonectriaceae
- 科的地位未定的属：
- Andreaeana B.T.Palm & S.C.J.Jochems, 1924
- Apyrenium E.M.Fries, 1849
- Aschersoniopsis
- Balansiella Henn.
- Belaina Bat. & Peres
- Biotyle
- Cancellidium Tubaki
- Cancellidium applanatum Tubaki
- Cancellidium atrobrunneum D.F.Bao, Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su
- 灰类细格囊霉 Cancellidium cinereum J.Yang & K.D.Hyde
- Cancellidium griseonigrum J.Yang & K.D.Hyde
- Cancellidium pinicola S.Y.Yeung, Jeewon & K.D.Hyde
- Cancellidium thailandense W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Cephaloblaston Ciferri, 1932
- Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel
- 枝顶孢霉属 Cephalosporium Corda, 1839
- Cephalothecium Corda, 1838
- Chaetoceratostoma Turconi & Maffei
- Chaetoceris
- Chlamydocillium Zare & W.Gams, 2016
- Chlorocillium Zare & W.Gams, 2016
- Chondronectria
- Cylindronectria
- Dendrosporium Plakidas & Edgerton ex J.L.Crane
- Dictyocatenula Finley & E.F.Morris, 1967
- Entropezites Poinar & Buckley, 2007
- Eucephalosporium Ciferri, 1932
- Fusariella Sacc.
- Gynonectria P.Döbbeler, 2012
- Gyrostroma Naumov
- Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain, 1970
- Haptospora G.L.Barron, 1991
- Hyalopus Corda
- Igneocumulus A.W.Ramaley, 2003
- Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw.
- Illosporium Mart.
- Kaskaskia Born & J.L.Crane
- Laaseomyces
- Lepra Chevall.
- Leptobarya
- Lichenopenicillus
- Maffeiella Ciferri, 1932
- Mastigocladium
- Metadothella Hennings, 1904
- Microchrysosphaera
- Munkia Spegazzini, 1886
- Myxocephala G.Weber, Spaaij & Oberw., 1989
- Myxormia
- Nematomyces
- Neomunkia Petrak, 1947
- Olpitrichum G.F.Atk.
- Ophiostomella Petr.
- Paleoophiocordyceps G.-H.Sung, G.O.Poinar Jr. & J.W.Spatafora, 2008
- Paracosmospora
- Payosphaeria W.F.Leong, 1990
- Peloronectria Möller
- Phaeostilbella Höhn.
- Porphyrosoma Patouillard, 1927
- Pseudoacremonium Crous, 2014
- Pseudofusidium
- Pseudomeliola
- Pseudomicrodochium B.Sutton
- Romanoa Thirumalachar, 1954
- Rubellisphaeria Réblová & J.Fourn., 2016
- Saccardaea Cavara
- Solheimia E.F.Morris, 1967
- Sorosporella N.Sorokin, 1888
- Sphaeroderma Fuckel
- Stachybotryna Tubaki & T.Yokoy.
- Stachybotryna columaris Tubaki & T.Yokoy.
- Stachybotryna excentrica Gené, M.Calduch, Abdullah & Guarro
- Stachybotryna hachijoensis Ts.Watan.
- Stachybotryna longispiralis P.M.O.Costa, Malosso & R.F.Castañeda
- Stachybotryna splendida R.F.Castañeda
- Stachybotryna variegata R.M.Arias, R.F.Castañeda & Heredia
- Starkeyomyces
- Starkeyomyces koorchalomoides Agnihothr.
- 束梗孢属 Stilbella Lindau
- Sulcatistroma
- Sulcatistroma nolinae A.W.Ramaley
- Trichotheciopsis
- Trichotheciopsis mimosae J.M.Yen
- Xenoacrodontium Crous, 2021
- Xenoacrodontium juglandis Crous
- Xylochrysis Réblová, V.Stepanek & R.K.Schumach., 2014
- Xylochrysis aquatica J.Y.Song & X.D.Yu
- Xylochrysis lucida Réblová, V.Štĕpánek & R.K.Schumach.[6]
地位未定屬 编辑
根據一份2020年發表的真菌分類回顧，肉座菌目還包括下列地位未定的屬，並不屬於任何一個科[7]：
- Acremoniopsis A.Giraldo, Gené & Guarro (2014) – 1 sp.
- Berkelella (Sacc.) Sacc. (1891) – 2 spp.
- Bulbithecium Udagawa & T.Muroi (1990) – 1 sp.
- Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel (1916) – 10 spp.
- Chondronectria Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa (2017) – 1 sp.
- Cylindronectria Etayo (2017) – 1 sp.
- Diploospora Grove (1916) – ca. 7 spp.
- † Entropezites[8] Poinar & R.Buckley 2007) – 1 sp.
- Gynonectria Döbbeler (2012) – 1 sp.
- Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain (1970) – 2 spp.
- Haptospora G.L.Barron (1991) – 3 spp.
- Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw. (2001) – 1 sp.
- Illosporium Mart. (1817) – 17 spp.
- Leptobarya Etayo (2017) – 2 spp.
- Metadothella Henn. (1904) – 1 sp.
- Munkia Speg. (1886) – 4 spp.
- †Mycetophagites[8] Poinar & R.Buckley (2007) – 1 sp.
- Neomunkia Petr. (1847) – 1 sp.
- Peloronectria Möller (1901) – 3 spp.
- Pseudoacremonium Crous (2014) – 1 sp.
- Pseudomeliola Speg. (1889) – 10 spp.
- Rodentomyces Doveri, Pecchia, Sarrocco & Vannacci (2016) – 1 sp.
- Roselliniella Vain (1921) – 19 spp.
- Saksenamyces A.N.Rai & P.N.Singh (2018) – 1 sp.
- Sedecimiella K.L.Pang, Alias & E.B.G.Jones (2010) – 1 sp.
- Stanjemonium W.Gams, O'Donnell, Schroers & M.Chr. (1999) – 4 spp.
- Stilbella Lindau (1900) – 61 spp.
- Ticonectria Döbbeler (1998) – 3 spp.
- Tilakidium Vaidya, C.D.Naik & Rathod (1986) – 1 sp.
參考文獻 编辑
- ^ Kirk, Paul M.; Vanden Berghe, Edward; Clipson, Nicolas. Hypocreales. WoRMS. 2016-12-02 [2019-11-24] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008: 332. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 （英语）.
- ^ Source dataset. Index Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. Sordariales. Catalog of Life. [27 April 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Lombard, L; Houbraken, J; Decock, C; Samson, RA; Meijer, M; Réblová, M; Groenewald, JZ; Crous, PW. Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae. Persoonia. 2016, 36: 156–246. PMC 4988370
. PMID 27616791. doi:10.3767/003158516X691582 （英语）.
- ^ 『學名』 開頭 『Stachybotrys』 的資料 15 筆. TaiBNET. [2019-11-25] （中文（繁體））.
- ^ Martina Réblová, Václav Štěpánek & René K. Schumacher (2014) Xylochrysis lucida gen. et sp. nov., a new lignicolous ascomycete (Sordariomycetidae) with holoblastic conidiogenesis, Mycologia, 106:3, 564-572, DOI: 10.3852/13-266
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere. 2020, 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Poinar GO, Buckley R. Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber. Mycological Research. 2007, 111 (4): 503–506. PMID 17512712. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004.
外部連結 编辑
| 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：肉座菌目 |
