西喜马拉雅语支

西喜马拉雅语支，也称阿尔莫拉语支或金瑙尔语支，是汉藏语系下一支语言，位于喜马偕尔邦、北阿坎德邦和尼泊尔境内。LaPolla (2003)假定西喜马拉雅语支语言属于更大的“戎语支”。

语言编辑

金瑙尔语组
- 奇库尔金瑙尔语
- 金瑙尔语
- Thebor: Sunam、Jangshung、Shumcho
拉豪尔语组：Pattani (Manchad)、蒂南语
布南语
Kanashi
Rongpo–阿尔莫拉语组
- Rongpo
- 阿尔莫拉语组：Darmiya、Byangsi、Dhuleli、Chaudangsi、Rangas (20世纪早期灭绝)、[[象雄语]]

象雄语是苯教的神圣语言，分布在喜马拉雅山脉北麓，在藏语扩张至此之前横贯西藏西部。詹姆斯·马提索夫 (2001)^[2]^:155-180给出了象雄语属于西喜马拉雅语支的词汇和音系证据。

Widmer (2014:47)^[3]^:33-56的西喜马拉雅语支分类如下。最近新发现的Dhuleli在Regmi & Prasain (2017)中加入。^[4]

西部语群
- 拉豪尔语组：Manchad、蒂南语
- 金瑙尔语组：Kanashi、下金瑙尔语、标准金瑙尔语、奇库尔金瑙尔语、Jangrami、Shumcho
东部语群
- 中部语组：布南语、Sunnami、Rongpo; possibly 象雄语
- 阿尔莫拉语组：Rangas、Darmiya、Byangsi、Dhuleli、Chaudangsi

Widmer (2014:53-56)^[3]还将象雄语划入西喜马拉雅语支东部语群，并注意到它出现得和中部语组的语言(布南语、Sunnami和Rongpo)特别近。

Widmer (2017)^[5]注意到青藏高原西部许多藏语方言都曾被西喜马拉雅语支语言影响过。

Widmer (2017)^[5]给出下列东部和西部西喜马拉雅语支语言的词汇对应。

Widmer (2014:53-56)^[3]将象雄语划入西喜马拉雅语支东部语群，并列出了象雄语和原始西喜马拉雅语的同源词。

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). West Himalayish. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Matisoff, James. 2001. "The interest of Zhangzhung for comparative Tibeto-Burman." In New Research on Zhangzhung and Related Himalayan Languages (Bon Studies 3). Senri Ethnological Studies no. 19. 大阪: 国立民族学博物館. doi:10.15021/00002145
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Widmer, Manuel. 2014. "A tentative classification of West Himalayish." In A descriptive grammar of Bunan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bern.
^ Regmi, Dan Raj; Prasain, Balaram. 2017. A sociolinguistic survey of Dhuleli. Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Widmer, Manuel. 2017. The linguistic prehistory of the western Himalayas: endangered minority languages as a window to the past （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Presented at Panel on Endangered Languages and Historical Linguistics, 23rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL 23), San Antonio, Texas.

George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
LaPolla, Randy. 2001. The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Uttar Pradesh （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Widmer, Manuel. 2017. The linguistic prehistory of the western Himalayas: endangered minority languages as a window to the past （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Presented at Panel on Endangered Languages and Historical Linguistics, 23rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL 23), San Antonio, Texas.
Widmer, Manuel. 2018. The linguistic prehistory of the western Himalayas. Proceedings of the 51st International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics (2018). Kyoto: Kyoto University.