非火箭航天发射
非火箭航天发射是一种部分或全部的采用火箭发动机外的其他推进方式的航天发射方式。如在火箭橇发射或空中发射中，在通过其他手段获得初始速度或高度后，火箭才被应用。
比较 编辑
| 方法(a) | 发表 时间 |
估计 造价 10亿美元(b) |
负载 大小 千克 |
估计 近地轨道发射花费 美元/每公斤(b) |
吞吐量 吨/每年 |
技術就緒指數 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一般火箭[1] | 118,000 | 3273 | 200~ | 9 | ||
| 太空电梯[來源請求] | 2004 | 6.2-40 | 18,000+ | 220-400 | 2,000 | 2-4 |
| 極音速天鉤[2] | 1993 | <1(c) | 1,500(d) | 30(e) | 2 | |
| 太空纜索[3] | 1977 | 2 | ||||
| HASTOL[4],[5] | 2000 | 15,000(f) | 2 | |||
| 太空噴泉[來源請求] | 2+ | |||||
| 軌道環[6] | 1980 | 15 | <0.05 | 2 | ||
| 发射环[7] (小) | 1985 | 10 | 5,000 | 300 | 40,000 | 2+ |
| 发射环[7] (大) | 1985 | 30 | 5,000 | 3 | 6,000,000 | 2+ |
| KITE Launcher[8] | 2005 | 2 | ||||
| 星际列车[9] | 20(g) | 35,000 | 43 | 150,000 | 2−4 | |
| 質量投射器[來源請求] | 4 | |||||
| Ram accelerator[來源請求] | 2004 | <500 | 6[10] | |||
| 太空槍[11] | 1865(h) | 0.5 | 450 | 500 | 6 | |
| Slingatron[12] | 100 | 2 | ||||
| 太空飛機[來源請求] | 1992 | 10-15 | 12,000 | 3,000 | 7 | |
| 激光推进系统[來源請求] | up to 4 |
(a) References in this column apply to entire row unless specifically replaced
(b) All monetary values in un-inflated dollars based on reference publication date except as noted
(c) CY2008 estimate from description in 1993 reference system
(d) Requires first stage to ~5 km/s
(e) Subject to very rapid increase via bootstrapping
(f) Requires Boeing proposed DF-9 vehicle first stage to ~4 km/s
(g) Based on Gen-1 reference design, 2010 version
(h) Jules Verne's novel, From the Earth to the Moon. Newton's cannonball in the 1728 book A Treatise of the System of the World was considered a thought experiment.[13]
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 引证错误：没有为名为
Spacecast2020的参考文献提供内容 - ^ "The Hypersonic Skyhook," Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, Vol. 113, No. 11, September 1993, pp. 60-70.
- ^ "A Non-Synchronous Orbital Skyhook," Hans P. Moravec, Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 25, Oct-Dec 1977
- ^ Paper, AIAA 00-3615 "Design and Simulation of Tether Facilities for HASTOL Architecture" R. Hoyt, 17-19 Jul 00.
- ^ Paper, NIAC 3rd Ann. Mtg, NIAC Subcontract No. 07600-040, “Hypersonic Airplane Space Tether Orbital Launch – HASTOL”, John E. Grant, 6 Jun 01.
- ^ "Orbital Ring Systems and Jacob's Ladders - I-III" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Note: in 1980s money
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Launch Loop slides for the ISDC2002 conference 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-05-29.
- ^ Johansen, US Patent #6913224, Method and system for accelerating an object, 5 Jul 05
- ^ "The Startram Project". [2011-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-27）.
- ^ 存档副本. [2011-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-06）.
- ^ "Quicklaunch Inc." 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-02-12.
- ^ "Slingatron, A Mechanical Hypervelocity Mass Accelerator". [2011-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-26）.
- ^ vectorsite.net > [4.0 Space Guns] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） v1.1.4 / chapter 4 of 7 / 01 jun 08 / greg goebel / public domain