黑暗三角人格
在心理学上，黑暗三角人格包括自恋，马基雅维利主义和心理病態的人格特征。 [1] [2] [3] [4]由于它们的特徵非善意，故它们被称为“惡”。 [5] [6] [7]
关于黑暗三角形的研究被用于应用心理学，尤其是在执法、临床心理学和商业管理领域。研究指出在这些特征上得分較高的人更容易犯罪，给社会造成困扰，并為團體带来严重的问题，特别当他们任職领導时。他们往往沒有同情心、亦非友善。當同理心缺乏、对生活充滿不滿時，也不太可能會相信自己和他人的善。[8]
尽管研究证据表明它们是重覆的，但黑暗三角形在概念上仍然有不同的。它们大多与冷酷的人际交往风格相关。 [9]
- 自恋的特点是雄心勃勃、骄傲自负、缺乏同情心。 [10]
- 马基雅维利主义的特点是对他人的操纵、剥削、缺乏道德、感情的冷漠和自利。 [11]
- 心理病態的特征是持续的反社会行为、冲动、自私、冷酷無情（CU）[12]和缺乏自責。 [13]
因素分析发现，在五大性格特質中，親和性低是形成黑暗三角形的重要原因，而神经质和缺乏责任感亦為其中因素之一。 [11][14]
參看 编辑
參考文本 编辑
- ^ Paulhus, Delroy L; Williams, Kevin M. The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality. December 2002, 36 (6): 556–563. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6.
- ^ Robert M. Regoli; John D. Hewitt; Matt DeLisi. Delinquency in Society: The Essentials. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 20 April 2011: 99 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 978-0-7637-7790-6. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）.
- ^ W. Keith Campbell; Joshua D. Miller. The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments. John Wiley & Sons. 7 July 2011: 154 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 978-1-118-02924-4. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
- ^ Mark R. Leary; Rick H. Hoyle. Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. Guilford Press. 5 June 2009: 100 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 978-1-59385-647-2. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.
- ^ Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic; Sophie von Stumm; Adrian Furnham. The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences. John Wiley & Sons. 23 February 2011: 527 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 978-1-4443-4310-6. （原始内容存档于2021-10-05）.
- ^ Leonard M. Horowitz; Stephen Strack, Ph.D. Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions. John Wiley & Sons. 14 October 2010: 252–55 [15 February 2012]. ISBN 978-0-470-88103-3. （原始内容存档于2021-10-15）.
- ^ David Lacey. Managing the Human Factor in Information Security: How to Win Over Staff and Influence Business Managers. John Wiley & Sons. 17 March 2009: 248 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 978-0-470-72199-5. （原始内容存档于2021-10-05）.
- ^ Tsukayama, Eli; Hyde, Elizabeth; Yaden, David Bryce; Kaufman, Scott Barry. The Light vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Contrasting Two Very Different Profiles of Human Nature. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019, 10: 467. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6423069
. PMID 30914993. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467.
- ^ Jones, D. N., Paulhus, D. L. Horowitz, L. M.; Strack, S. N. , 编. Handbook of interpersonal theory and research. New York: Guilford. 2010: 249–67. Editors list列表缺少
|last2=(帮助) - ^ Kohut, H. The Restoration of the Self. New York: International Universities Press. 1977.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Jakobwitz, Sharon; Egan, Vincent. The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences. January 2006, 40 (2): 331–339. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006.
- ^ Frick, Paul J.; White, Stuart F. Research Review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 21 January 2008, 49 (4): 359–375. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 18221345. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x （英语）.
- ^ Skeem, Jennifer L.; Polaschek, Devon L. L.; Patrick, Christopher J.; Lilienfeld, Scott O. Psychopathic Personality. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 15 December 2011, 12 (3): 95–162. PMID 26167886. doi:10.1177/1529100611426706.
- ^ Klimstra, T.; Jeronimus, B.F.; Sijtsema, J.J.; Denissen, J.J.A. The Unfolding Dark Side: Age Trends in Dark Personality Features. Journal of Research in Personality. 2020, 85: 103915. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103915.
