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1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Johanson, Lars (2021) Turkic^[1], Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009038218: “Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.”
2. ↑ “Bosnia and Herzegovina”, in The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts, Council of Europe, 2010, ISBN 9789287166715, pages 107–108
3. ↑ “The Croatian Language in the European Information Society”, in The Croatian Language in the Digital Age, Springer, 2012, ISBN 9783642308826, page 51
4. ↑ Franceschini, Rita (2014年) "Italy and the Italian-Speaking Regions" in Fäcke, Christiane , ed. 《 Manual of Language Acquisition》、​Walter de Gruyter GmbH、​pp. 546 ISBN： 9783110394146. "In Croatia, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Romany, Rusyn, Russian, Montenegrin, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, and Ukrainian are recognized (EACEA 2012, 18, 50s)"
5. ↑ “Greece and Cyprus / Griechenland und Zypern”, in Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik, Walter de Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 3110199874, page 1886
6. ↑ “Romania”, in The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts, Council of Europe, 2010, ISBN 9789287166715, pages 135–136
7. ↑ Dzankic, Jelena (2016) Citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro: Effects of Statehood and Identity Challenges, Routledge, ISBN 1317165799, page 81: “With the 2001 amendments, in those municipalities where minorities constituted 20 per cent of the overall population, minority languages became official”
8. ↑ OSCE (2010), “Community Profile: Kosovo Turks”, in Kosovo Communities Profile, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, page 3: “Approximately 30,000 Kosovo Turks live in Kosovo today, while up to 250,000 people from different Kosovo communities speak or at least understand the Turkish language...The Turkish language has been granted official language status in the municipalities of Prizren and Vushtrri/ Vučitrn.”
9. ↑ History and Legal Dimension of Turkish Education in Iraq^[2], Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies, 2017