 | 這頁是維基百科的拉脫維亞語國際音標發音指南。 | |
大多基於Nau, Nicole, Latvian, Lincom Europa: 66, 1998, ISBN 3-89586-228-2 。
| IPA
|
例
|
大約漢聲母
|
| 子音
|
| p
|
pipari [ˈpipːari], skābs [skaːps][1]
|
多數方言的幫母
|
| b
|
bāka [baːka][2]
|
閩南語「閩」
|
| m
|
man [man]
|
多數方言的明母
|
| f
|
fosfors [ˈfosfɔːrs][3]
|
官、粵非母
|
| v
|
vai [vai]
|
吳語「飯」
|
| t
|
tas [tas]
|
多數方言的端母
|
| d
|
diena [diɛna], atdarīt [ˈadːariːt][2]
|
吳語「甜」
|
| n
|
nav [naʊ]
|
多數方言的泥母
|
| l
|
lai [lai]
|
多數方言的來母
|
| s
|
suns [suns], mazs [masː][1]
|
多數方言的心母
|
| z
|
zināt [zinaːt]
|
潮州話「熱」
|
| ts
|
celts [tsælts], sods [suɔts][1]
|
多數方言的精母
|
| dz
|
dzimt [dzimt]
|
汕頭話「日」
|
| ʃ
|
seši [seʃi], mežs [meʃː][1]
|
ship
|
| ʒ
|
daži [daʒi]
|
衢州話「床」
|
| tʃ
|
četri [t͡ʃetri]
|
英語：chop
|
| ʃtʃ
|
šķirt [ʃt͡ʃirt], lietišķs [liɛtiʃt͡ʃs]
|
英文：fresh cheese
|
| dʒ
|
dadži [dad͡ʒi]
|
衢州話「陳」
|
| r
|
"re kur!" [reˌkur]
|
rolled r
|
| c
|
ķēķis [ceːcis]
|
choose和skew間
|
| ɟ
|
ģērbt [ɟeːrpt]
|
June和argue間
|
| ɲ
|
ņemt [ɲemt]
|
梅縣話、上海話日母
|
| ʎ
|
ļoti [ʎuɔti]
|
部分英方言million
|
| j
|
jā [jaː]
|
多數方言的以母
|
| k
|
kāpt [kaːpt], smags [smaks][1]
|
多數方言的見母
|
| ɡ
|
gūt [guːt], ikdiena [ˈigdiɛna][2]
|
閩南語「五」、吳語「共」
|
| ŋ
|
bungas [buŋgas]
|
粵、吳「吳」
|
| x
|
heterohromija [ˈxeteroxrɔːmija][3]
|
官話「好」
|
|
| IPA
|
例
|
大約漢韻母
|
| 單母音（漢語應該沒有分長短母音之方言，有「ː」者請拉長來讀、自行想像）
|
| a
|
dakša [dakʃa]
|
官、粵麻韻
|
| aː
|
pār [paːr]
|
| æ
|
(viņš) bed [bæd]
|
蘇州話「遙」
|
| æː
|
bēda [bæːda]
|
| e
|
bet [bet]
|
粵語「車」
|
| eː
|
ēst [eːst]
|
| ɔ
|
operācija [ˈɔpːeraːtsija][4]
|
粵語科韻
|
| ɔː
|
opera [ɔːpera][4]
|
| i
|
viss [visː]
|
官、粵「衣」
|
| iː
|
vīst [viːst]
|
| u
|
un [un]
|
官、粵「烏」
|
| uː
|
būt [buːt]
|
| 雙母音[5]
|
| ai
|
tai [tai][6]
|
官、粵「拜」
|
| au
|
tauta [tauta]
|
官、粵肴韻
|
| ɛi
|
vei [vɛi][6]
|
官、粵微韻
|
| ɛu
|
tev [tɛu], Eugēnija [ˈɛugeːnija][7]
|
粵語「掉」白讀
|
| oi
|
ahoi [aˈhɔi][6][8]
|
粵語開韻
|
| ɔu
|
boulings [bɔuliŋks]
|
粵語「煲」
|
| iɛ
|
diena [diɛna]
|
官、粵「耶」
|
| iu
|
pliukšķis [pliukʃt͡ʃis][8]
|
粵語宵韻
|
| uɔ
|
lolojot [luɔluɔjuɔt][4]
|
官「我」、粵「禾」
|
| ui
|
fui [fui][6]
|
粵語灰韻
|
| 元音間隙
|
| .
|
分隔不是雙母音的母音簇：neilgs [ˈne.ilks]，triumfs [ˈtri.umfs]，neieiet [ˈne.iɛ.iɛt]
|
| 重音
|
| ˈ
|
重音（幾乎都在字詞首音節且用萬國音標標示拉脫維亞話時可省略）
|
| 長子音
|
| ː
|
長母音或長子音（只限響音）
|
|
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Before the masculine ending -s, voiced consonants are devoiced: smags → [smaks]. The -s is assimilated after a devoiced fricative, producing a long consonant: mazs → [masː] and mežs → [meʃː]. Devoicing also occurs in compounds: labprātīgs → [ˈlapːraːtiːks] or [ˈlapˌpraːtiːks].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 An unvoiced consonant, in a compound, followed by a voiced consonant becomes voiced: atdarīt → [ˈadːariːt] or [ˈadˌdariːt].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 [f] and [x] occur only in loanwords.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 The letter ⟨o⟩ in Latvian orthography usually represents the diphthong [uɔ]): Lithuanian nuoma and Latvian noma. [ɔ] and its long counterpart, [ɔː], occur only in loanwords.
- ^ DIVSKAŅI. [14 March 2025].
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 In closed syllables, [ai], [ɛi], [oi], and [ui] may be transcribed as vowel-glide sequences: tais [tajs], veikt [vɛjkt], boikots [bɔjkɔts], and muita [mujta].
- ^ Only in loanwords and onomatopoeiatic words or as the result of vocalization in open syllables of [v].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Only in loanwords or onomatopoeiatic words.
