Help:波蘭語國際音標

下表为波兰语国际音标（IPA）在维基百科中的表示方式。

所有浊辅音（/b, d, ɡ, v, z, ʐ, ʑ, dʐ, dʑ/）在词尾会被清化（/p, t, k, f, s, x, ʂ, ɕ, tʂ, tɕ/）. Voiceless obstruents are voiced (/x/ becoming [ɣ], etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except /v, ʐ/, which are then themselves devoiced.

要了解更多有关波兰语语音的信息，参看波兰语语音学.

辅音
IPA	波兰语拼写	例词	英语近似发音
b	b	bardzo	bike
ɕ	ś, s(i)^[1]	Jaś	she
d	d	dawno	door
dz^[2]	dz	dzban	beds
dʑ^[2]	dź, dz(i)^[1]	dziadek	jeep^[3]
dʐ ^[2]	dż	Dżakarta	jug^[3]
f	f	foka	feist
ɡ	g	grać	girl
ɡʲ	g(i)^[1]	Gienek	argue
ɣ	ch, h	niechby	大致像go，但沒有完全阻止g的氣流
j	j, i^[1]	jak	yes
k	k	krowa	scam
kʲ	k(i)^[1]	kierowca	skew
l	l	lampa	lion
m	m^[4]	morze	mile
n	n^[4]	nad	Nile
ɲ	ń, n(i)^[4]^[1]	nie	canyon
ŋ^[5]	n^[4]	bank	bank
p	p	policja	spike
r	r	różowy	trilled r like Italian Roma
s	s	smak	sign
ʂ	sz	szybko	shore^[3]
t	t	tak	stow
tɕ^[2]	ć, c(i)^[1]	cierpki	cheer^[3]
ts^[2]	c	całkiem	cats
tʂ^[2]	cz	czy	child^[3]
v	w	wartość	vile
w^[6]	ł	ładny	way
x	ch, h	chleb	(Scottish) loch
xʲ	h(i)^[1]	hiacynt	huge
z	z	zebra	zebra
ʑ	ź, z(i)^[1]	ziarno	vision, azure^[3]
ʐ	ż, rz	rzadko	vision, azure^[3]

元音
IPA	波兰语拼写	例词	英语近似发音
a	a	tam	art
ɛ	e	dżem	bet
ɛ̃	ę^[4]	kęs	length
i	i^[1]	piwo	eat
ɨ	y	my	roses
ɔ	o	rok	rock
ɔ̃	ą^[4]	wąs	wrong
u	u, ó	duży	boot

其他標識
IPA	解釋
ˈ	主重音（置於重音節前），通常是一個單詞的倒數第二個音節。
ˌ	次重音（置於次重音節前）
.	音節間的間隔。

另见编辑

注释编辑

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 ^1.9 The letter ‹i›, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a ‹j› or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt ‹pjes›).
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Affricates such as /ts/ and /dʐ/) are correctly written with tie-bars: /t͡s/, /d͡ʐ/.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 The letters ‹ą› and ‹ę› represent the nasal vowels /ɔ̃, ɛ̃/ except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, when they represent oral vowels /ɔ, ɛ/ followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: kąt [ˈkɔnt], gęba [ˈɡɛmba], ręka [ˈrɛŋka], piszący [piˈʂɔnt͡sɨ], pieniądze [pjɛˈɲɔnd͡zɛ], pięć [ˈpjɛɲt͡ɕ], jęczy [ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ ].
^ /n/的同位異音（在/ɡ, k, x/等软腭音前）。
^ 傳統的發音[ɫ]仍然在少數發言者中發現。

延伸阅读编辑

Sadowska, Iwona. Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar. Oxford; New York: Routledge. 2012. ISBN 978-0-415-47541-9.

外部链接编辑

Polish Pronunciation Audio and Grammar Charts

[soften-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 ^1.9 The letter ‹i›, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a ‹j› or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt ‹pjes›).

[affricate-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Affricates such as /ts/ and /dʐ/) are correctly written with tie-bars: /t͡s/, /d͡ʐ/.

[postalveolar-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/.

[nasalvowel-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 The letters ‹ą› and ‹ę› represent the nasal vowels /ɔ̃, ɛ̃/ except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, when they represent oral vowels /ɔ, ɛ/ followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: kąt [ˈkɔnt], gęba [ˈɡɛmba], ręka [ˈrɛŋka], piszący [piˈʂɔnt͡sɨ], pieniądze [pjɛˈɲɔnd͡zɛ], pięć [ˈpjɛɲt͡ɕ], jęczy [ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ ].

[5] /n/的同位異音（在/ɡ, k, x/等软腭音前）。

[6] 傳統的發音[ɫ]仍然在少數發言者中發現。

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