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User:NHC/營建工程

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營建工程是一種專業學科，涉及道路、隧道、橋梁、機場、鐵路運輸、建筑物、水坝、公用事业等基础设施的設計、企劃、建筑施工及管理学。 Construction technology is a related field that deals more with the practical aspects of projects. Construction technologists or construction technicians learn some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers and some of the project site management aspects similar to construction managers. 營建技師學習類似於土木工程師的設計領域和一些類似於營建管理的現場管理領域。這些技術人員的性質介於土木工程師（英语：civil engineers）與營建管理之間。

At the educational level, civil engineering students concentrate primarily on the design work, which is more analytical, gearing them toward a career as a design professional. This essentially requires them to take a multitude of challenging engineering science and design courses as part of obtaining a 4-year accredited degree. Also, education for construction managers is primarily focused on construction procedures, methods, costs, schedules, and personnel management. Their primary concern is to deliver a project on time, within budget, and of the desired quality.

The difference between a construction technologist and a civil engineer is that civil engineering is an engineering discipline. Construction technology students take basic design courses as well as construction management courses.

Work activities 编辑

Depending on which career the construction engineer has chosen to follow, an entry-level design engineer normally provides support to project managers and assist with creating conceptual designs, scopes, and cost estimates for the planning and construction of approved projects. A career in design work does require a professional engineer license (PE). Individuals who pursue this career path are strongly advised to sit for the Engineer In Training（英语：Engineer In Training） exam (EIT) while in college as it takes five years (4 years in USA) post graduate to obtain the PE license.

Entry-level construction manager positions are typically called project engineers or assistant project engineers. They are responsible for preparing purchasing requisitions, processing change orders, preparing monthly budgeting reports, and handling meeting minutes. The construction management position does not necessarily require a PE license; however possessing one does make the individual more marketable, as the PE license allows the individual to sign off on temporary structure designs.

Abilities 编辑

Construction engineers are problem solvers. They contribute to the creation of infrastructure that best meets the unique demands of its environment. They must be able to understand infrastructure life cycles. When compared and contrasted to design engineers, construction engineers bring to the table their own unique perspectives for solving technical challenges with clarity and imagination.考慮步入營建工程職業的人，應精通數學及科學，其他若干能力也十分重要，如批判性和分析性思維、時間管理、人力管理和良好的溝通技巧。

Educational requirements 编辑

Individuals looking to obtain a 營建工程 degree must first ensure that the program is accredited by EAC or Technology Accreditation Commission (TAC) of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology（英语：Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology） (ABET). ABET accreditation is assurance that a college or university program meets the quality standards established by the profession for which it prepares its students. In the US there are currently twenty-five programs that exist in the entire country so careful college consideration is advised.[1]

A typical 營建工程 curriculum is a mixture of 工程力学, engineering design（英语：engineering design）, construction management and general science and mathematics. This usually leads to a 理學士 degree. The B.S. degree along with some design or construction experience is sufficient for most entry level positions. Graduate schools may be an option for those who want to go further in depth of the construction and engineering subjects taught at the undergraduate level. In most cases 營建工程 graduates look to either 土木工程, 工程管理, or 企业经济学 as a possible graduate degree.

Job prospects 编辑

Job prospects for construction engineers generally have a strong cyclical variation. For example, starting in 2008 - continuing until at least 2011 - job prospects have been poor due to the collapse of housing bubbles in many parts of the world. This sharply reduced demand for construction, forced construction professionals towards infrastructure construction and therefore increased the competition faced by established and new construction engineers. This increased competition, and a core reduction in quantity demand is in parallel with a possible shift in the demand for construction engineers due to the automation of many engineering tasks, overall resulting in reduced prospects for construction engineers. In early 2010 the United States construction industry had a 27% unemployment rate, this is nearly three times higher than the 9.7%[2] national average unemployment rate. The construction unemployment rate (including tradesmen) is comparable to the United States 1933 unemployment rate - the lowest point of the 大萧条 - of 25%.[3]

Remuneration 编辑

The average salary for a civil engineer in the UK depends on the sector, and more specifically the level of experience of the individual. A 2010 survey of the remuneration and benefits of those occupying jobs in construction and the built environment industry[4] showed that the average salary of a civil engineer in the UK is £29,582. In the United States, as of May 2013, the average was $85,640.[5] The average salary varies depending on experience, for example the average annual salary for a civil engineer with between 3 and 6 years experience is £23,813. For those with between 14 and 20 years experience the average is £38,214.[6]

參見 编辑

註釋 编辑

  1. ^ ABET - ABET accreditation. www.abet.org. 
  2. ^ http://www.forconstructionpros.com/online/Construction-News/Construction-Unemployment-Rate-Hits-27-percent/4FCP15312
  3. ^ http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20030124ar03p1.htm
  4. ^ CareerStructure.com Launches Salary Benchmarker Tool. [2011-04-14]. 
  5. ^ Civil Engineers. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [2014-04-14]. 
  6. ^ Salary Benchmarker Tool. [2011-04-14]. 
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