構造盆地(英語:structural basin)指以前很平的地層,受翹曲形成的大型岩層結構,是地質窪地,與穹丘相反[1]。細長的構造盆地也稱為向斜。有些是沉積盆地,原先是凹陷被沉積物堆積。其他則在沉積層沉積很久後由構造形成[2]

盆地在地質圖上顯示為大致圓形或橢圓形,地層向中心傾斜[3]。露出的地層像同心層,由外向內逐漸年輕,最年輕的岩石位於中心。盆地面積通常很大,可闊達幾百公里[4]

構造盆地通常是煤炭、石油和地下水的重要來源[5]

參考文獻 編輯

  1. ^ Bally A. W.(1982) Musings over sedimentary basin evolution,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 305325–338。 http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1982.0040
  2. ^ Monroe, James S., and Reed Wicander(1997)The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution. 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.ISBN 0-314-09577-2
  3. ^ Lerche, I. (1989) Basin analysis. United States: N. p.,. Web.https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6131668頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  4. ^ Kenneth L. Cook, Joseph W. Berg, Jr., William W. Johnson, Robert T. Novotny (1966)Some Cenozoic Structural Basins in the Great Salt Lake Area, Utah, Indicated by Regional Gravity Surveys,Utah Geological Association, The Great Salt Lake, Pages 57-75
  5. ^ R.F. Sachsenhofer, V.A. Privalov, E.A. Panova(2012)Basin evolution and coal geology of the Donets Basin (Ukraine, Russia): An overview,International Journal of Coal Geology,Volume 89,Pages 26-40,ISSN 0166-5162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.05.002.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516211001029)