构造盆地(英语:structural basin)指以前很平的地层,受翘曲形成的大型岩层结构,是地质洼地,与穹丘相反[1]。细长的构造盆地也称为向斜。有些是沉积盆地,原先是凹陷被沉积物堆积。其他则在沉积层沉积很久后由构造形成[2]

盆地在地质图上显示为大致圆形或椭圆形,地层向中心倾斜[3]。露出的地层像同心层,由外向内逐渐年轻,最年轻的岩石位于中心。盆地面积通常很大,可阔达几百公里[4]

构造盆地通常是煤炭、石油和地下水的重要来源[5]

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ Bally A. W.(1982) Musings over sedimentary basin evolution,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 305325–338。 http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1982.0040
  2. ^ Monroe, James S., and Reed Wicander(1997)The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution. 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.ISBN 0-314-09577-2
  3. ^ Lerche, I. (1989) Basin analysis. United States: N. p.,. Web.https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6131668页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Kenneth L. Cook, Joseph W. Berg, Jr., William W. Johnson, Robert T. Novotny (1966)Some Cenozoic Structural Basins in the Great Salt Lake Area, Utah, Indicated by Regional Gravity Surveys,Utah Geological Association, The Great Salt Lake, Pages 57-75
  5. ^ R.F. Sachsenhofer, V.A. Privalov, E.A. Panova(2012)Basin evolution and coal geology of the Donets Basin (Ukraine, Russia): An overview,International Journal of Coal Geology,Volume 89,Pages 26-40,ISSN 0166-5162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.05.002.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516211001029)