维基百科

锅炉和压力容器规范

锅炉和压力容器规范（ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code，BPVC）是由美国机械工程师学会（American Society of Mechanical Engineers，ASME）所制定一项标准，用以釐定、制约锅炉及压力容器的相关设计和建造方式和规限。[1]该规格是由拥有在相关领域专业及经验的从业员和志愿者所撰写，并会定期作出调整及更新。[2] 而美国机械工程师学会则会作为认证机构并可授权独立的第三方机构对工业设施如发电厂、生产厂房内的锅炉及压力容器进行检验、测试，并确保其质量和性能表现等指标合符锅炉和压力容器规格的标准。[3]

历史 编辑

锅炉和压力容器规范是被撰写及制定于在20世纪初。原因是当时在美国麻省发生了数宗大型工业意外爆炸事件，并引起了公众及工程从业员对锅炉及压力容器相关工业安全的关注。在1905年3月20日，一座位于麻省布罗克顿（Brockton）格罗弗制鞋厂内的火管式锅炉发生巨大爆炸（详见格罗弗制鞋厂灾难事件（英语：Grover Shoe Factory disaster））并导致58人死亡及150人受伤。后来于1906年12月6日，一间位于麻省林恩市（Lynn）名为 P.J. Harney Shoe Company 的造鞋工厂内的锅炉发生爆炸。对此，麻省于1907年基于原有的美国机械工程师学会规条之上颁布了第一条针对建造蒸汽锅炉的法律。[4][5]

ASME convened the Board of Boiler Rules before it became the ASME Boiler Code Committee which was formed in 1911. This committee put in the form work for the first edition of the ASME Boiler Code - Rules for the Construction of Stationary Boilers and for the Allowable Working Pressures, which was issued in 1914 and published in 1915.[5]

第一版的锅炉和压力容器规范，即为1914年版本（1914 edition），包含单卷共114页。[6][7]随著时间和科技发展，时至今日已扩展至超过92,000份并应用于超过100个国家。[5] 截至March 2011年 (March 2011-Missing required parameter 1=month!)，锅炉和压力容器规格包含共28卷共16,000页。[7]

自第一版的推出起，规范的更改和持续验证均由独立的顾问或专业的调查员执行，但亦同时导致了对规范程度不一的诠释。因此在1919年2月，国家锅炉与压力容器检验委员会（英语：National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors）（National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors）因而成立。[5]

规范章节 编辑

LIST OF SECTIONS[8]

以下是根据2019年版本的锅炉和压力容器规范所列出:[9]

  • ASME BPVC 章节 I - 电力锅炉建设规则（Rules for Construction of Power Boilers）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 II - 材料（Materials）
  • 部份 A - 亚铁材料规格（Ferrous Material Specifications）
  • 部份 B - 非亚铁材料规格（Nonferrous Material Specifications）
  • 部份 C - 焊条，电极和填充金属规格（Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals）
  • 部份 D - 规格（惯用）（Properties（Customary））
  • 部份 D - 规格（制式）（Properties（Metric））
  • ASME BPVC 章节 III - 核设施组成部分建设规则（Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components）
  • Subsection NCA - General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2
  • Appendices
  • Division 1
  • Subsection NB - Class 1 Components
  • Subsection NC - Class 2 Components
  • Subsection ND - Class 3 Components
  • Subsection NE - Class MC Components
  • Subsection NF - Supports
  • Subsection NG - Core Support Structures
  • Division 2 - Code for Concrete Containments
  • Division 3 - Containment Systems for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Material
  • Division 5 - High Temperature Reactors
  • ASME BPVC 章节 IV - 加热锅炉的施工规则（Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 V - 无损检测（Nondestructive Examination）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 VI - 加热锅炉保养和操作的建议规则（Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 VII - 动力锅炉的建议保养分针（Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 VIII - 压力容器的施工规则（Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels）
  • Division 1
  • Division 2 - Alternative Rules
  • Division 3 - Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels
  • ASME BPVC 章节 IX - 焊接，焊焊和熔断的资历准则（Welding，Brazing，and Fusing Qualifications）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 X - 纤维增强塑料压力容器（Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels）
  • ASME BPVC 章节 XI - 核电站部件在役检查规则（Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components）
  • Division 1 - Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Light-Water-Cooled Plants
  • Division 2 - Requirements for Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM) Programs for Nuclear Power Plants
  • ASME BPVC 章节 XII - Rules for the Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks
  • ASME BPVC Code Cases - Boilers and Pressure Vessels

ADDENDA

Addenda, which include additions and revisions to the individual Sections of the Code, are issued accordingly for a particular edition of the code up until the next edition.[8] Addenda is no longer in use since Code Edition 2013. It has been replaced by two years edition period.

INTERPRETATIONS

ASME's interpretations to submitted technical queries relevant to a particular Section of the Code are issued accordingly. Interpretations are also available through the internet.[10]

CODES CASES

Code Cases provide rules that permit the use of materials and alternative methods of construction that are not covered by existing BPVC rules.[11] For those Cases that have been adopted will appear in the appropriate Code Cases book: "Boilers and Pressure Vessels" and "Nuclear Components."[8]

Codes Cases are usually intended to be incorporated in the Code in a later edition. When it is used, the Code Case specifies mandatory requirements which must be met as it would be with the Code. There are some jurisdictions that do not automatically accept Code Cases.[8]

参见 编辑

参考资料 编辑

  1. ^ Antaki, George A. Piping and pipeline engineering: design, construction, maintenance, integrity, and repair. Marcel Dekker Inc. 2003. ISBN 9780203911150. 
  2. ^ ASME Codes and Standards 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期February 14, 2010，.
  3. ^ Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection According to ASME. [2020-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-14）. 
  4. ^ Balmer, Robert T. Modern Engineering Thermodynamics. 13.10 Modern Steam Power Plants: Academic Press. 2010: 864. ISBN 978-0-12-374996-3. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Varrasi, John. To Protect and Serve - Celebrating 125 Years Of Asme Codes & Standards. MEMagazine. June 2009. 
  6. ^ Canonico, Domenic A. The Origins of ASME's Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. MEMagazine. February 2000. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 The History of ASME's Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. ASME. March 2011 [24 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-24）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 An International Code - 2010 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels - Division 1. ASME. July 1, 2011. 
  9. ^ BPV Complete Code - 2019. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - 2019 Edition. ASME. [July 8, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-29）. 
  10. ^ Codes & Standards Interpretations On-Line. Codes and Standards Electronic Tools. ASME International. [10 November 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-13）. 
  11. ^ Code Cases of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. ASME. [7 November 2011]. （原始内容存档于18 July 2012）. 

外部链接 编辑

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=锅炉和压力容器规范&oldid=79013087”