方格螺屬
方格螺屬[3]（學名：Liotia），又名繆梯螺屬[4]，是一種非常細小的海螺的屬，是方格螺科之下的海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元[2]。本屬亦是方格螺科的模式屬[2]。
方格螺屬
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| Drawing with an apertural view of a shell of Liotia echinacantha | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 亞綱： | 古腹足亞綱 Vetigastropoda |
| 目： | 鐘螺目 Trochida |
| 總科： | 鐘螺總科 Trochoidea |
| 科： | 繆梯螺科 Liotiidae |
| 亞科： | 繆梯螺亞科 Liotiinae |
| 屬： | 方格螺屬 Liotia Gray, 1842 [1] |
| 模式種 | |
| Delphinula cancellata Gray, 1828 | |
形態特徵 編輯
本屬物種的殼體從小型到微型。有着與蠑螺科物種形似的型態，螺旋部低矮、呈扁球形[5][6]，所以過往本屬所屬的方格螺科過往曾經屬於蠑螺總科[7]。有臍孔，內層也有珠母層。殼口大，口緣寬厚，周緣平滑[5][6]。有角質口蓋，口蓋上有多重螺旋圖案[8]。
分類 編輯
本屬舊屬蠑螺總科之下的方格螺科[7]，2008年改為屬於鐘螺總科[9]，2017年的分類繼續這個分類[10]。
物種 編輯
截至2018年2月23日[update]，本屬在WoRMS現時只餘下十個物種[2]：
- Liotia admirabilis E. A. Smith, 1890
- Liotia affinis A. Adams, 1850
- Liotia arenula E. A. Smith, 1890
- Liotia atomus Issel, 1869
- Liotia cancellata (Gray, 1828)
- Liotia fenestrata Carpenter, 1864
- Liotia microgrammata Dall, 1927
- Liotia romalea Melvill & Standen, 1903
- Liotia squamicostata E. A. Smith, 1903
- Liotia varicosa (Reeve, 1843)
- 異名：
- Liotia acrilla Dall, 1889: synonym of Cyclostrema cancellatum Marryat, 1818
- Liotia acryla Dall W.H., 1889: synonym of Cyclostrema cancellatum Marryat, 1818
- Liotia acuticostata Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Lirularia acuticostata (Carpenter, 1864)
- Liotia admirabilis auct. non E. A. Smith, 1890: synonym of Macrarene digitata McLean, Absalao & Santos Cruz, 1988
- Liotia amabilis Dall, 1889: synonym of Cyclostrema amabile (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia annulata Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1879: synonym of Liotella annulata (Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1879)
- Liotia aspina Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene briareus (Dall, 1881)
- 條棒方格螺 Liotia asterisus Gould, 1859[5]：今作 Pseudoliotia asteriscus (Gould, 1859)
- Liotia bairdii Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene bairdii (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia bellula H. Adams, 1873: synonym of Bothropoma bellulum (H. Adams, 1873)
- Liotia brasiliana Dall, 1927: synonym of Arene brasiliana (Dall, 1927)
- Liotia briareus Dall, 1881: synonym of Arene briareus (Dall, 1881)
- Liotia californica Dall, 1908: synonym of Arene californica (Dall, 1908)
- 稜繆梯螺 Liotia carinata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Arene lurida (Dall, 1913)，見於西沙群島的琛航島[4]。
- Liotia centrifuga Dall, 1896: synonym of Arene centrifuga (Dall, 1896)
- Liotia cookeana Dall, 1918: synonym of Liotia fenestrata Carpenter, 1864
- Liotia dautzenbergi Bavay, 1917: synonym of Astrosansonia dautzenbergi (Bavay, 1917)
- Liotia discoidea Reeve, 1843: synonym of Pseudoliotina discoidea (Reeve, 1843)
- Liotia disjuncta Hedley, C. 1903: synonym of Liocarinia disjuncta (Hedley, C. 1903)
- Liotia echinacantha Melvill & Standen, 1903：今作Arene echinacantha (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
- Liotia erici Strong & Hertlein, 1939: synonym of Haplocochlias erici (Strong & Hertlein, 1939)
- Liotia fulgens Gould, 1859: synonym of Turbo cidaris cidaris Gmelin, 1791
- Liotia gemma auct. non Tuomey & Holmes, 1856: synonym of Arene tricarinata (Stearns, 1872)
- Liotia hedleyi Prichard & Gatliff, 1899: synonym of Munditia hedleyi (Prichard & Gatliff, 1899)
- Liotia heimi Strong & Hertlein, 1939: synonym of Parviturbo stearnsii (Dall, 1918)
- Liotia huesonica Dall, 1927: synonym of Cyclostrema huesonicum (Dall, 1927)
- Liotia incerta Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Munditia tasmanica (Tenison-Woods, 1875)
- Liotia krausii Gray J.E. in Gray M.E., 1850: synonym of Pseudotorinia kraussi J.E. Gray in M.E. Gray, 1850
- Liotia lamellosa Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bathyliotina lamellosa (Schepman, 1908)
- Liotia lucasensis Strong, 1934: synonym of Haplocochlias lucasensis (Strong, 1934)
- Liotia lurida Dall, 1913: synonym of Arene lurida (Dall, 1913)
- Liotia mayana Tate, R. 1899: synonym of Munditia mayana (Tate, 1899)
- Liotia microforis Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene microforis (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia minima Tenison-Woods, 1878: synonym of Lodderena minima (Tenison-Woods, 1878)
- Liotia miniata Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene miniata (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia nitida Verrill & Smith, 1885: synonym of Eccliseogyra nitida (Verrill & Smith, 1885)
- Liotia olivacea Dall, 1918: synonym of Arene olivacea (Dall, 1918)
- Liotia pacis Dall, 1908: synonym of Arene pacis (Dall, 1908)
- Liotia perforata Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene briareus (Dall, 1881)
- 南島方格螺 Liotia peronii Kiener, 1873[6]：今作Liotina peronii (Kiener, 1873)
- Liotia pergemma Gardner, 1948: synonym of Arene tricarinata (Stearns, 1872)
- Liotia planorbis Dall, 1927: synonym of Palazzia planorbis (Dall, 1927)
- Liotia polypleura Hedley, 1904: synonym of Liotella polypleura (Hedley, 1904)
- Liotia radiata Kiener, 1838: synonym of Arene cruentata (Mühlfeld, 1824)
- Liotia riisei Rehder, 1943: synonym of Arene riisei Rehder, 1943
- Liotia rostrata Hedley, 1900: synonym of Canimarina rostrata (Hedley, 1900)
- Liotia siderea Angas, 1865: synonym of Munditia tasmanica (Tenison-Woods, 1875)
- Liotia socorroensis Strong, 1934: synonym of Arene socorroensis (Strong, 1934)
- Liotia subquadrata Tenison-Woods, 1878: synonym of Munditia subquadrata (Tenison-Woods, 1878)
- Liotia tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1875: synonym of Munditia tasmanica (Tenison-Woods, 1875)
- Liotia tortugana Dall, 1927: synonym of Cyclostrema tortuganum (Dall, 1927)
- Liotia tricarinata Stearns, 1872: synonym of Arene tricarinata (Stearns, 1872)
- Liotia trullata Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene bairdii (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia variabilis Dall, 1889: synonym of Arene variabilis (Dall, 1889)
- Liotia venusta Woodring, 1928:[11] synonym of Arene venusta (Woodring, 1928)
參考文獻 編輯
- ^ Gray, John Edward. ?. Syn. Cont. Brit. Mus. 1842, 44: 57.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg. Liotia Gray, 1842. WoRMS. 2015-08-04 [2018-02-23]. 已忽略未知參數
|firts2=(幫助) - ^ 方格螺属 Liotia. 《中国动物志 无脊椎动物》第二十九卷. （原始內容存檔於2018年2月26日） （中文（簡體））.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 潘華璋; 藍琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物學報. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2018-02-23]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-12-24） （中文（簡體））.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 条棒方格螺 Liotia asterisus Gould, 1859. 《中国动物志 无脊椎动物》第二十九卷. （原始內容存檔於2018年2月26日） （中文（簡體））.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 南岛方格螺 Liotia peronii Kiener, 1873. 《中国动物志 无脊椎动物》第二十九卷. （原始內容存檔於2018年2月26日） （中文（簡體））.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ West American species of the genus Liotia; Transactions of The San Diego Society For Natural History vol. 7 (1934). [2018-02-23]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-12）.
- ^ Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008-09, 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x （英語）.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
- ^ Hedley, C. 1901. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26: 16-25 (8, pl. 2, figs 4-6)
- Iredale, T.; McMichael, F. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Mem. Aust. Mus. 1962, 11 （英語）.