鍺的同位素
鍺(Ge,原子量:72.630(8))共有45個同位素,其中有4個同位素是穩定的。
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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圖表 編輯
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[3][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
58Ge | 32 | 26 | 57.99101(34)# | 2p | 56Zn | 0+ | |||
59Ge | 32 | 27 | 58.98175(30)# | 2p | 57Zn | 7/2−# | |||
60Ge | 32 | 28 | 59.97019(25)# | 30# ms | β+ | 60Ga | 0+ | ||
2p | 58Zn | ||||||||
61Ge | 32 | 29 | 60.96379(32)# | 39(12) ms | β+, p (80%) | 60Zn | (3/2−)# | ||
β+ (20%) | 61Ga | ||||||||
62Ge | 32 | 30 | 61.95465(15)# | 129(35) ms | β+ | 62Ga | 0+ | ||
63Ge | 32 | 31 | 62.94964(21)# | 142(8) ms | β+ | 63Ga | (3/2−)# | ||
64Ge | 32 | 32 | 63.94165(3) | 63.7(25) s | β+ | 64Ga | 0+ | ||
65Ge | 32 | 33 | 64.93944(11) | 30.9(5) s | β+ (99.99%) | 65Ga | (3/2)− | ||
β+, p (.01%) | 64Zn | ||||||||
66Ge | 32 | 34 | 65.93384(3) | 2.26(5) h | β+ | 66Ga | 0+ | ||
67Ge | 32 | 35 | 66.932734(5) | 18.9(3) min | β+ | 67Ga | 1/2− | ||
67m1Ge | 18.20(5) keV | 13.7(9) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
67m2Ge | 751.70(6) keV | 110.9(14) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
68Ge[n 4] | 32 | 36 | 67.928094(7) | 270.95(16) d | ε | 68Ga | 0+ | ||
69Ge | 32 | 37 | 68.9279645(14) | 39.05(10) h | β+ | 69Ga | 5/2− | ||
69m1Ge | 86.765(14) keV | 5.1(2) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
69m2Ge | 397.944(18) keV | 2.81(5) µs | 9/2+ | ||||||
70Ge | 32 | 38 | 69.9242474(11) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.2038(18) | |||
71Ge | 32 | 39 | 70.9249510(11) | 11.43(3) d | ε | 71Ga | 1/2− | ||
71mGe | 198.367(10) keV | 20.40(17) ms | IT | 71Ge | 9/2+ | ||||
72Ge | 32 | 40 | 71.9220758(18) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.2731(26) | |||
72mGe | 691.43(4) keV | 444.2(8) ns | 0+ | ||||||
73Ge | 32 | 41 | 72.9234589(18) | 穩定 | 9/2+ | 0.0776(8) | |||
73m1Ge | 13.2845(15) keV | 2.92(3) µs | 5/2+ | ||||||
73m2Ge | 66.726(9) keV | 499(11) ms | 1/2− | ||||||
74 Ge |
32 | 42 | 73.9211778(18) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.3672(15) | |||
75Ge | 32 | 43 | 74.9228589(18) | 82.78(4) min | β− | 75As | 1/2− | ||
75m1Ge | 139.69(3) keV | 47.7(5) s | IT (99.97%) | 75Ge | 7/2+ | ||||
β− | 75As | ||||||||
75m2Ge | 192.18(7) keV | 216(5) ns | 5/2+ | ||||||
76Ge[n 5] | 32 | 44 | 75.9214026(18) | 1.78(8)×1021 y | β−β− | 76Se | 0+ | 0.0783(7) | |
77Ge | 32 | 45 | 76.9235486(18) | 11.30(1) h | β− | 77As | 7/2+ | ||
77mGe | 159.70(10) keV | 52.9(6) s | β− (79%) | 77As | 1/2− | ||||
IT (21%) | 77Ge | ||||||||
78Ge | 32 | 46 | 77.922853(4) | 88(1) min | β− | 78As | 0+ | ||
79Ge | 32 | 47 | 78.9254(1) | 18.98(3) s | β− | 79As | (1/2)− | ||
79mGe | 185.95(4) keV | 39.0(10) s | β− (96%) | 79As | (7/2+)# | ||||
IT (4%) | 79Ge | ||||||||
80Ge | 32 | 48 | 79.92537(3) | 29.5(4) s | β− | 80As | 0+ | ||
81Ge | 32 | 49 | 80.92882(13) | 7.6(6) s | β− | 81As | 9/2+# | ||
81mGe | 679.13(4) keV | 7.6(6) s | β− (99%) | 81As | (1/2+) | ||||
IT (1%) | 81Ge | ||||||||
82Ge | 32 | 50 | 81.92955(26) | 4.55(5) s | β− | 82As | 0+ | ||
83Ge | 32 | 51 | 82.93462(21)# | 1.85(6) s | β− | 83As | (5/2+)# | ||
84Ge | 32 | 52 | 83.93747(32)# | 0.947(11) s | β− (89.2%) | 84As | 0+ | ||
β−, n (10.8%) | 83As | ||||||||
85Ge | 32 | 53 | 84.94303(43)# | 535(47) ms | β− (86%) | 85As | 5/2+# | ||
β−, n (14%) | 84As | ||||||||
86Ge | 32 | 54 | 85.94649(54)# | >150 ns | β−, n | 85As | 0+ | ||
β− | 86As | ||||||||
87Ge | 32 | 55 | 86.95251(54)# | 0.14# s | 5/2+# | ||||
88Ge | 32 | 56 | 87.95691(75)# | >=300 ns | 0+ | ||||
89Ge | 32 | 57 | 88.96383(97)# | >150 ns | 3/2+# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鎵的同位素 | 鍺的同位素 | 砷的同位素 |
註釋 編輯
- ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
- ^ Used to generate 68Ga
- ^ Primordial radionuclide
參考文獻 編輯
- ^ M. Agostini; et al. Final Results of GERDA on the Two-Neutrino Double-β Decay Half-Life of 76Ge. Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society (APS)). 2023-10-03, 131 (14). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.142501.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart . nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.