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用戶:Evesiesta/Synthwave

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Synthwave（中文：合成器浪潮，合成波）是一種電子音樂風格。

Synthwave
其他名稱
  • Outrun
  • retrowave
  • future synth
風格起源
文化起源Mid-to late 2000s;[4][5] France, Western Europe
類型分支
其他主題

Synthwave (also called outrun, retrowave, or futuresynth[5]) is an 電子音樂 microgenre（英語：microgenre） that is based predominantly on the music associated with action, science-fiction, and horror film soundtracks of the 1980s.[2] Other influences are drawn from the decade's art and video games.[3] Synthwave musicians often espouse nostalgia for 1980s culture and attempt to capture the era's atmosphere and celebrate it.[9]

The genre developed in the mid-to late 2000s through French house（英語：French house） producers, as well as younger artists who were inspired by the 2002 video game 俠盜獵車手：罪惡城市. Other reference points included composers 約翰·卡本特, 讓-米歇爾·雅爾, 范吉利斯 (especially his score for the 1982 film 銀翼殺手), and 橘夢樂團. Synthwave reached wider popularity after being featured in the soundtracks of the 2011 film 亡命駕駛 (which included some of the genre's best-known songs), 2012 videogame 邁阿密熱線, 2017 film 雷神索爾3：諸神黃昏 and the Netflix series 怪奇物語.

特點及相關術語 編輯

Synthwave is a microgenre（英語：microgenre）[10][11] of 電子音樂[1] that draws predominantly from 1980s films, video games, and cartoons,[12] as well as composers such as 約翰·卡本特, 讓-米歇爾·雅爾, 范吉利斯, and 橘夢樂團.[13][14] Other reference points include 電子音樂類型列表 including house, synth, and nu-disco.[15] It is primarily an instrumental genre, although there are occasional exceptions to the rule.[16] Common tempos are between 80 and 118 BPM, while more upbeat tracks may be between 128 and 140 BPM.[17]

"Outrun" is a synonym of synthwave that was later used to refer more generally to retro 1980s aesthetics such as VHS tracking artifacts, magenta neon, and 柵格設計.[16] The term comes from the 1986 競速遊戲 game 超越 (遊戲), which is known for its soundtrack that could be selected in-game and its 1980s aesthetic.[14][18] According to musician Perturbator（英語：Perturbator） (James Kent), outrun is also its own subgenre, mainly instrumental, and often contains 1980s clichéd elements in the sound such as 電子鼓, gated reverb（英語：gated reverb）, and analog synthesizer（英語：analog synthesizer） bass lines and leads—all to resemble tracks from that time period.[19] There is also a visual component on synthwave album covers and music videos. According to PC Gamer, the essence of outrun visuals is "taking elements of a period of '80s excess millennials find irresistibly evocative, and modernizing them so they're just barely recognizable."[20]

Other subgenres include dreamwave, darksynth, and scifiwave.[7] Journalist Julia Neuman cited "outrun", "futuresynth", and "retrowave" as alternative terms for synthwave[5] while author Nicholas Diak wrote that "retrowave" was an 上下位關係 that encompasses 1980s revivalism genres such as synthwave and vaporwave.[16] Darksynth is influenced by horror cinema.[21] Invisible Oranges（英語：Invisible Oranges） wrote that darksynth is exemplified mainly by a shift away from the bright "邁阿密風雲 vibes" and "French electro house influences" and "toward the darker electronic terrains of horror movie maestro composers John Carpenter and Goblin (band)（英語：Goblin）" also infused with sounds from 後龐克, 工業音樂 and Electronic body music（英語：EBM）.[22]

起源 編輯

 
Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 performing in 2007

Synthwave originates from the mid-2000s[23] or late 2000s.[4] Diak traced the genre to a broader trend involving young artists whose works drew from their childhoods in the 1980s. He credited the success of the 2002 video game 俠盜獵車手：罪惡城市 with shifting "attitudes toward the '80s ... from parody and ambivalence to that of homage and reverence", leading directly to genres such as synthwave and vaporwave.[16] The influence of Vice City was also noted by 未來出版社.[10] Molly Lambert of 音樂電視網 noted the song "Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" by 橘夢樂團 in the film Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 (1983) was a major influence, with "ornately repetitive synth patterns, hypnotic chimes, and percussive choogling drum machines".[14]

The mid-2000s Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 acts Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 (College), and Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, who had created music in the style of 1980s film scores, were among the earliest artists to be part of the emergence of synthwave.[5] Key reference points for early synthwave included the 1982 film 銀翼殺手 (both Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 and the film itself), 8- and 16-bit video games, 1980s jingles for VHS production companies, and television news broadcasts and advertisements from that era.[4] According to 新音樂快遞 and 未來出版社, the 2011 film 亡命駕駛 was a major influence on synthwave, and included a track by Kavinsky, "Nightcall" in the film's soundtrack,[24][10] as well as David Grellier, Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, and several tracks by Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。.[10] EDM.com described Kavinsky as a "synthwave pioneer",[25] while the horror blog Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 describes Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 as a "synthwave icon".[26]

Popularity and legacy 編輯

In the early 2010s, the synthwave soundtracks of films such as 亡命駕駛 and 創：光速戰記 attracted new fans and artists to the genre.[7] Drive featured Kavinsky's "Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" and "Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" by College and Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, which catapulted synthwave into mainstream recognition and solidified its stature as a music genre.[4] The genre's popularity was furthered through its presence in the soundtracks of video games like 極地戰嚎3：血龍 and Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, as well as the Netflix series 怪奇物語, which featured synthwave pieces that accommodated the show's 1980s setting.[4][27] Nerdglow's Christopher Higgins cited Electric Youth and Kavinsky as the two most popular artists in synthwave in 2014.[12]

In the mid-2010s, "蒸氣波" (a portmanteau of "法西斯主義" and "synthwave")[8] emerged as a largely instrumental 音樂類型 of synthwave and vaporwave, with political track titles and occasional soundbites, such as excerpts of speeches given by 阿道夫·希特拉.[28] The phenomenon was described as self-identified fascists and 另類右派 members appropriating vaporwave music and aesthetics.[29][30] Elsewhere, there was a growing trend of Russian synthwave musicians whose work espoused nostalgia for the 蘇聯, sometimes described as "Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。".[31]

In 2016, British band 1975樂團 released the critically acclaimed synthwave-influenced track "別人". The track comes as their third single for their second album, 突襲美夢. It has been cited as a major influence on many contemporaries' work, such as 洛德 (歌手), 泰特·麥可蕾 and 奧莉維亞·羅德里戈.

Synthwave remained a niche genre throughout the 2010s. In 2017, PC Gamer noted that synthwave influences were to be felt in early 2010s gaming releases, primarily of the "outrun" subgenre, including Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 and 極地戰嚎3：血龍.[20] Writing in 2019, PopMatters journalist Preston Cram said, "Despite its significant presence and the high level of enthusiasm about it, synthwave in its complete form remains a primarily underground form of music."[4] He added that "Nightcall" and "A Real Hero" remained "two of only a small number of synthwave songs produced to date that widely known outside the genre's followers."[4]

The 2019 虛擬現實 game Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 heavily features the synthwave genre in its soundtrack,[32] which was composed by Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。.

In 2020, "Blinding Lights", a synthwave-influenced song by 節奏布魯斯 artist 威肯[33][34] topped US record charts, the first song to do so during the 2019冠狀病毒病疫情.[35] Matt Mills of Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 wrote in 2021 that the genre "had exploded into the mainstream, cramming dancefloors and soundtracking blockbusters."[36]

參見 編輯

  • Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 – 2019 synthwave documentary featuring John Carpenter[37]
  • Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 信息空間
  • Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 賽博朋克
  • 蒸氣波
  • Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 亡命駕駛 - The 2011 Lua錯誤：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 featuring 瑞恩·高斯林

參考資料 編輯

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Robert. On The Synthwave Genre and Video Games. Surreal Resolution. 23 September 2016 [2017-01-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-20）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hunt, Jon. We Will Rock You: Welcome To The Future. This is Synthwave.. l'etoile. 9 April 2014 [2015-05-18]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-11）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Neuman, Julia. A Retrowave Primer: 9 Artists Bringing Back the '80s. 音樂電視網 Iggy. June 23, 2015 [2015-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-06-23）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Cram, Preston. How Synthwave Grew from a Niche '80s Throwback to a Current Phenomenon. Popmatters. 2019-11-25 [2019-12-05]. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-28） （美國英語）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Neuman, Julia. The Nostalgic Allure of 'Synthwave'. 紐約觀察家報. July 30, 2015 [2016-05-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-25）. 
  6. ^ 25 Favourite Italo Disco Tracks. electricityclub.co.uk. 12 May 2018 [2022-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-30）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Young, Bryan. Synthwave: If Tron and Megaman had a music baby.. Glitchslap.com. 25 March 2015 [2015-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-14）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Hann, Michael. 'Fashwave': synth music co-opted by the far right. 衛報. December 14, 2016 [October 23, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於December 20, 2016）. 
  9. ^ Calvert, John. Xeno and Oaklander - Sets & Lights. Drowned in Sound（英語：Drowned in Sound）. 13 October 2011 [2015-06-08]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-13）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Music, Future. The beginner's guide to: synthwave. MusicRadar. 2021-05-12 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-17）. 
  11. ^ Maxwell, Dante. Music Microgenres: A Brief History of Retrowave, Acid House, & Chillhop. Zizacious. September 20, 2019 [July 19, 2020]. （原始內容存檔於July 19, 2020）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Higgins, Christopher. The 7 Most Essential Synthwave Artists. Nerdglow.com. 2014-07-29 [2015-05-18]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-25）. 
  13. ^ Hunt, Jon. We Will Rock You: Welcome To The Future. This is Synthwave.. l'etoile. 9 April 2014 [2015-05-18]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-11）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lambert, Molly. Stranger Things and how Tangerine Dream soundtracked the 80s. MTV.com. 2016-08-04 [2016-08-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-21）. 
  15. ^ Cram, Preston. What is Synthwave? • Electrozombies. Electrozombies. 2021-06-24 [2021-06-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-24） （美國英語）. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Wetmore 2018，第31頁.
  17. ^ Synthwave: 5 Production Essentials | ModeAudio Magazine. ModeAudio. [2020-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-05） （英語）. 
  18. ^ Prisco, Jacopo. How Out Run changed video games forever. Wired UK（英語：Wired UK）. 18 September 2021 [2021-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-04）. 
  19. ^ McCasker, Toby. Riding the Cyber Doom Synthwave With Perturbator | NOISEY. Noisey.vice.com. 2014-06-22 [2015-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-04）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Iwaniuk, Phil. How synthwave music inspired games to explore a past that never existed. PC Gamer. 2017-10-04 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-14） （英語）. 
  21. ^ Hickman, Langdon. Master Boot Record's Dark Synthwave Injects Cyberpunk Into New Adventure Game "VirtuaVerse". Invisible Oranges（英語：Invisible Oranges）. June 22, 2020 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-19） （英語）. 
  22. ^ Aprill, Joseph. GosT-ly Horror: Darksynth Master James Lollar Talks Metal, Movies, and More. Invisible Oranges（英語：Invisible Oranges）. February 29, 2020 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-04） （英語）. 
  23. ^ Neuman, Julia. The Nostalgic Allure of 'Synthwave'. 紐約觀察家報. July 30, 2015 [2016-05-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-25）. 
  24. ^ Kavinsky on his return and a new collaboration with The Weeknd: "It's happening soon". NME. 2022-02-11 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-12）. 
  25. ^ Sunkel, Cameron. Kavinsky Confirms New Collaboration With The Weeknd. EDM.com - The Latest Electronic Dance Music News, Reviews & Artists. 12 February 2022 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-12）. 
  26. ^ Miska, Brad. Carpenter Brut Returns With Horror-Themed Album 'Leather Terror' and Nightmarish Video for Single 'Imaginary Fire'. Bloody Disgusting!. 2022-01-27 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-04）. 
  27. ^ A Guide to Synthwave Part II – Drive, Blood Dragon & Hotline Miami. Hey Nineteen. 2017-06-22 [2021-11-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-10） （英語）. 
  28. ^ Bullock, Penn; Kerry, Eli. Trumpwave and Fashwave Are Just the Latest Disturbing Examples of the Far-Right Appropriating Electronic Music. Vice (雜誌). January 30, 2017 [2017-02-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-06）. 
  29. ^ Farrell, Paul. Fashwave: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know. Heavy.com. 2018-05-18 [2020-03-05]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-23） （英語）. 
  30. ^ Hermansson, Patrik; Lawrence, David; Mulhall, Joe; Murdoch, Simon. The International Alt-Right: Fascism for the 21st Century?. Taylor & Francis. 2020: 96 [2020-07-15]. ISBN 978-0-429-62709-5. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-03）. 
  31. ^ Luhn, Alec. Russia's musical new wave embraces Soviet chic. 衛報. July 29, 2015 [July 15, 2020]. （原始內容存檔於November 8, 2020）. 
  32. ^ Bonetones: The Boneworks OST, by Michael Wyckoff. Michael Wyckoff. [2023-02-06] （英語）. 
  33. ^ [LISTEN] The Weeknd's 'Blinding Lights' Is Yearning Synthwave. uproxx.com. 29 November 2019 [2022-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-03）. 
  34. ^ How Dua Lipa and The Weeknd are bringing the 80s back… again. BBC News. 2020-03-31 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-08） （英國英語）. 
  35. ^ Molanphy, Chris. Why the Weeknd's "Blinding Lights" is the first chart topper of the coronavirus era.. Slate. 9 April 2020 [2022-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-04）. 
  36. ^ Matt Mills. Perturbator's Lustful Sacraments: synthwave guru takes a walk on the dark side. loudersound. 2021-06-02 [2022-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-16） （英語）. 
  37. ^ Doc'n Roll Film Festival - The Rise of The Synths. www.docnrollfestival.com. [2019-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-09-30）. 
Bibliography

外部連結 編輯

根據起源年代
1960年代
1970年代
1980年代
1990年代
2000年代
2010年代
其他主題

Category:電子音樂類型 Category:網絡文化 Category:2000年代音樂 Category:2010年代音樂 Category:2020年代音樂 Category:復古風格 Category:獨立音樂

參考資料 編輯

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