新巨人

爱玛·拉扎露丝的诗

《新巨人》The New Colossus)是美国诗人艾玛·拉撒路 1883 年撰写的一首十四行诗,该诗是在自由女神像募款的工作中捐赠的作品之一。[1]1903年,这首诗被铸造在一块青铜牌匾上,并安装在基座的下层内。

《新巨人》手稿

历史 编辑

 
Statue of Liberty in New York City

这首诗是作为一次艺术和文学作品拍卖的捐赠品[2] 由“以自由女神像为目的的巴托尔迪基座基金艺术贷款展览”(Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty)举办,旨在为基座的建造筹集资金。[3] 拉萨路的贡献是由募捐人威廉·麦克斯韦尔·伊瓦茨 (William Maxwell Evarts) 所征求的。起初,她拒绝了,但作家康斯坦斯·凯莉·哈里逊 (Constance Cary Harrison) 说服她,告诉她,这座雕像对于驶入港口的移民来说意义重大。[4] Lazarus 在帮助逃离东欧反犹太人暴动的犹太难民来到纽约的过程中,看到了一种表达她对这些难民同情的方式。[5]

《新巨人》是在1883年11月2日展览开幕时首先被阅读的作品。它通过一本发行的目录与展览保持联系,直到1885年8月基座获得充分资助后展览闭幕。[6][7]《纽约世界报》和《纽约时报》也曾刊登此诗。[8] 1901年,拉萨路的朋友乔治娜·斯凯勒开始了一场纪念拉萨鲁斯及其诗歌的努力,在1903年成功,当时一块刻有此诗的牌匾被放在自由女神像的底座内壁上。

挂在自由女神像内部的牌匾上,“Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!” 这一行缺少了一个逗号。在 Lazarus 的手稿中,这行写作: “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!”

原始手稿由美国犹太历史学会持有。[9]

内容 编辑

Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.

"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"[10]

 
Bronze plaque inside the Statue of Liberty with the text of the poem

后半部分的译文:

把你们的那些人给我吧,
那些穷苦的人,
那些疲惫的人,
那些蜷缩在一起渴望自由呼吸的人,
那些被你们富饶的彼岸抛弃的,
无家可归,颠簸流离的人,
把他们交给我,
我在这金门之侧,
举灯相迎

外部链接 编辑

参考资料 编辑

  1. ^ Lazarus, Emma, The New Colossus, Liberty State Park, [2019-03-02], (原始内容存档于2020-12-22) 
  2. ^ Sutherland, Cara A, The Statue of Liberty: The Museum of the City of New York, Barnes & Noble: 77, 2003, ISBN 0-7607-3890-4, auction of art and literary work ; Mark Twain also contributed.
  3. ^ Young, Bette Roth, Emma Lazarus in Her World: Life and Letters, The Jewish Publication Society: 3, 1997, ISBN 0-8276-0618-4, …fell into obscurity. At the unveiling of the statue […] both Emma and her sonnet were absent […] Georgina Schuyler set in motion a successful attempt to memorialize her friend by placing the poem, inscribed on a bronze tablet, inside the pedestal… .
  4. ^ Felder, Deborah G; Rosen, Diana L, Fifty Jewish Women Who Changed the World, Citadel: 45, 2003, ISBN 0-8065-2443-X, …William Maxwell Evert [sic; presumably a misspelling of "William Maxwell Evarts] asked […] Lazarus[…] to compose original works […] who […] refused […] until […] Constance Cary Harrison[…] suggested that she consider what the statue would mean to the thousand of immigrants who would see it as they sailed into New York… .
  5. ^ Khan, Yasmin Sabina. Enlightening the World: The Creation of the Statue of Liberty. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 2010: 165–166. ISBN 978-0-8014-4851-5. 
  6. ^ 國家公園管理局-自由女神像-愛瑪·拉薩魯斯. 
  7. ^ 自由女神像-工程、建造及跨越大西洋. 2020年2月28日. 
  8. ^ 國家公園管理局-自由女神像-愛瑪·拉薩魯斯. 
  9. ^ Roberts, Sam, How a Sonnet Made a Statue the 'Mother of Exiles', New York Times, 2011 [November 21, 2013] 
  10. ^ Lehman, David (编). The Oxford Book of American Poetry. Oxford University Press. 2006: 184. OCLC 62697134.