环口螺科
环口螺科（学名：Cyclophoridae），又名山蜗牛科、旋风蜗牛科[1]或丛螺科[2]，是一个小型到大型的热带陆地蜗牛的系统分类科，而且它们都有螺厣。根据2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，它们都属于新进腹足类主扭舌类非正式群组的陆地腹足纲软体动物；在2017年的《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》，它们的分类层级不变。
环口螺科
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| 琉球本岛宜野湾市公园的一只缩回壳内的活体青山蜗牛（Leptopoma nitidum） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 亚纲： | 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda |
| 目： | 主扭舌目 Architaenioglossa |
| 总科： | 环口螺总科 Cyclophoroidea |
| 科： | 环口螺科 Cyclophoridae Gray, 1847 |
| 亚科 | |
这个包含很多物种的高度多样性分类单元，现时只包括旧世界和新世界热带及亚热带的物种。
型态描述 编辑
The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. 其圆形的aperture一般都有修饰：有时会有一个裂口，又或 a constriction. 其最后的whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane. The螺厣is generally circular, which can be retracted deeply into the shell. Its form is multispiral and can be calcified or lacking calcareous overlay. The outer layer of the operculum can contain accessory deposits.
软体的头部有一个短短的吻部。 The tentacles are round in cross-section, relatively long and taper to the end. The eyes are located at the base of the antenna on flat papillae. The longitudinal muscular foot is not divided. The mantle cavity acts as a lung cavity.其扭舌型齿舌每列都有七颗舌齿： has seven elements per transverse row. The central row of the radula contains usually five, rarely three or seven teeth.The animals are 雌雄异体.
系统分类与系统学 编辑
2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》采纳了Wenz (1938)对当时还是“山蜗牛亚科”的分类方法，将这个亚科分为多个族[4]。 这个分类将35个属810个物种分配到下列各个亚科中[5]。部分列出如下：
- 带管蜗牛亚科 Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864
- Incertae sedis
- 带管蜗牛属 Alycaeus Gray, 1850
- Awalycaeus Kuroda, 1951
- 双边凹螺属 Chamalycaeus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900
- 沟螺属 Dioryx Benson, 1859[6]
- 后带管蜗牛属 Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900
- Pincerna Preston, 1907
- Incertae sedis
- 环口螺亚科 Cyclophorinae Gray, 1847
- Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938
- Caspicyclotus Forcart, 1935
- Tribe Cyathopomatini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Cyathopoma Blanford & Blanford, 1861
- Jerdonia Blanford & Blanford, 1861
- Mychopoma Blanford, 1869
- Pseudojerdonia Kobelt, 1902
- 环口螺族 Cyclophorini Gray, 1847
- Afroditropis Bequaert & Clench, 1936
- Craspedotropis W.T. Blanford, 1864
- Crossopoma E. von Martens, 1891
- 环口螺属 Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810
- Cyclosurus Morelet, 1881
- Ditropopsis E.A. Smith, 1897
- Elgonocyclus Verdcourt, 1982
- 东洋蜗牛属 Japonia A.A. Gould, 1859[7]:43-45[5]
- 兔唇螺属 Lagocheilus W.T. Blanford, 1864
- 青山蜗牛属 Leptopoma L. Pfeiffer, 1847
- Leptopomoides G. Nevill, 1878
- Micraulax Theobald, 1876
- Montanopoma Stanisic, 2010
- Myxostoma Troschel, 1847
- Otopoma Gray, 1850
- Owengriffithsius Emberton, 2002
- Papuocyclus Ancey, 1895
- Pilosphaera Y. C. Lee, K. U. Lue & W. L. Wu, 2008
- Ptychopoma Möllendorff, 1885
- Scabrina W.T. Blanford, 1863
- Theobaldius G. Nevill, 1878
- Tribe Cyclotini Pfeiffer, 1853
- Cyclotus Swainson, 1840
- Opisthoporus Benson, 1851
- Platyrhaphe Möllendorff, 1890
- Tribe Pterocyclini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Millotorbis Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965
- Pterocyclos Benson, 1832
- Rhiostoma Benson, 1860
- Spiraculum Pearson, 1833
- Incertae sedis
- Pholeoteras Sturany, 1904
- Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938
- Incertae sedis
- Incertae sedis
- Ferussina Grateloup, 1827
- Ferussina anomphalus (F.Sandberger, 1871)
- Ferussina anostomaeformis Grateloup, 1827
- Ferussina globosa Dumas, 1876
- Ferussina lapicida Leufroy, 1828
- Ferussina petofiana Páll-Gergely, 2023[8]
- Ferussina praeglobosa (Roman, 1904)
- Ferussina striata (Deshayes, 1828)
- Ferussina tricarinata (M.Braun, 1838)
- Pseudarinia Yen, 1952 †
- Ventriculus Wenz in Fischer & Wenz, 1914+
- Ferussina Grateloup, 1827
- Incertae sedis
- Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940
- Incertae sedis
- Spirostoma Heude, 1885
- Incertae sedis
2020年，带管蜗牛亚科从环口螺科独立出去，成为了带管蜗牛科，仍属环口螺总科。
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 蓝子樵. 紙上貝展. 贝友 (中华民国贝类学会). 1999, 25: 61–79 （中文（繁体））.
- ^ 林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2018-10-10] （中文（繁体））.
- ^ Gordon, MS; Olson, EC. Invasions of the Land: The Transitions of Organisms from Aquatic to Terrestrial Life. New York: Columbia University Press. 1995: 312 pp （英语）.
- ^ Wenz, Wilhelm August. Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. Schindewolf O. H. (编). Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger. : xii + 1639 pp. （德语）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Lee, YC; Lue, KY; Wu , WL. Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa. 2008, (1792): 22–38 （英语）.
- ^ 胡自强; 银海强; 陈德牛. 中国沟螺属一新种记述(前鳃亚纲,中腹足目,环口螺科). 《动物分类学报》. 2004, 2004年 (04期) [2020-11-27] （中文（简体））.[失效链接]
- ^ 引证错误：没有为名为
李彥錚2003的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Barna Páll-Gergely, János Magyar, Zoltán Csiki-Sava and Gábor Botfalvai. 2023. Ferussina petofiana sp. n. (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae), the Oldest representative of its subfamily from the Late Cretaceous of Romania. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 69(4) 337-352. DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.4.337.2023
外部链接 编辑
- Kobelt, W. (1909). Cyclophoridae. Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn. The standard reference based on shell morphology.
- Nantarat, N., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Ablett, J., Naggs, F. & Panha, S. (2014). An annotated catalogue of type specimes of the land snail genus Cyclophorus Monfort, 1810 (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys, 411, 1–56.