- ^ 1.0 1.1 Mazumdar (2000:57頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMazumdar2000 (help)
- ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–55頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Goeman & van de Velde (2001:107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:95, 97, 101, 107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–54頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:54頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help)
- ^ 8.0 8.1 L.F. Brosnahan. Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni (PDF). [2013-11-24]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-04-03).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Tiwari (2004:?頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFTiwari2004 (help)
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Okada (1999:118頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFOkada1999 (help)
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Vance (2008:89頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVance2008 (help)
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Labrune (2012:92頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFLabrune2012 (help)
- ^ Khatiwada (2009:377頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help)
- ^ Khatiwada (2009:374頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help)
- ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Heide (2010:3–44頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFHeide2010 (help)
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Kristoffersen (2000:24頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKristoffersen2000 (help)
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Masica (1991:107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMasica1991 (help)
- ^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (葡萄牙語)
- ^ (葡萄牙語) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
- ^ (葡萄牙語) 保利斯塔內陸"首都"的韻尾/r/:社會語言學分析 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
- ^ (葡萄牙語) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). 22和23頁。
- ^ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas. 3.3.1. A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Volume 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2019: 24 [2020-12-27]. ISBN 9781614512257. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-24) (英語).
Retroflex /ṇ/和/ḷ/(即IPA/ɳ/和/ɭ/) 對應拉合爾旁遮普語齒音/n/和/l/ ,儘管這現象在城區年輕使用者那裡減弱。我們發現捲舌鼻音和捲舌邊音在現行旁遮普語Shahmukhi文正字法/ṇ/只偶然地被描寫,且/ḷ/沒有被呈現。
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001:282頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFValenzuelaMárquez_PinedoMaddieson2001 (help)