分散决策

分散决策（或称非集中决策）是当决策单位分散在大型机构各个位置，也指高层给低层官员、执行官和工人授权进行决策。可以是任何规模的机构，可以是政府机构或者公司，但一般用于大型机构。这是一种分散权利的有效手段，对管理学、组织行为学和政府工作有深刻影响。

首先，分散决策来源于组织智慧和群体智慧。分散决策也受益于核心知识，一般是按照卡尔·荣格的集体无意识理论。

麻省理工大学教授Thomas W. Malone认为分散决策主要有三个好处：

(1) 激励创造和开发;

(2) 让很多头脑同时工作，解决同一个问题

(3) 允许灵活性和个人主义

Malone说分散决策一般可以创造更灵活的意见，减少企业中的谄媚奉承，当高层授权决策责任后，领导者也具备一定的控制权，这样信息的流动更通畅。因此低层向高层汇报更多的情况，允许创新，更有效率的工作，促进生产力。允许创新可以提升整体质量管理。

参见编辑

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