操演性(英語:Performativity),或譯作表演性展演性,是指语言作為社会行为形式发挥作用、產生效果的術語。[1] 操演性,在人类学社会地理學文化地理学经济学性别研究法學语言学戲劇理論、表演研究、历史管理學哲学等不同领域有多种应用與定義。

術語,來自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力:通过言语和交流,來采取行动,或達成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述敘說(英語:constative utterance)区分開來,稱為操演敘說(英語:performative utterance)。奧斯丁定义陈述敘說为可以“评估为真或假”的語句。而操演敘說[註 1]的常见例子,有:承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 [1]

受奥斯汀影响,性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为,性别是通过日常的言语行为非语言行為在社会上构建的,有助于定义和维持身份[2] 这种性別操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反,性別操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因,而不只是結果,而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。[1] 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯阿圖塞等哲学家的影响。[3]

参考

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  1. ^ 或翻作「踐行敘說」、「展演敘說」等

註腳

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. (原始内容存档于2023-03-21). 
  2. ^ Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990. 
  3. ^ Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski

延伸閱讀

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