果蠅屬

果蝇科的一属昆虫

果蠅屬學名Drosophila)是雙翅目果蠅科的一個(不同於實蠅科的「果實蠅」),於1823年由瑞典昆蟲學家卡爾·弗雷德里克·法倫英语Carl Fredrik Fallén描述發表,其學名來自希臘文的δρόσος(drosos,指露水)與 φίλος(philos,指喜愛)[1]模式種Drosophila funebris英语Drosophila funebris。本屬物種黑腹果蠅為生物學研究中重要的模式生物,廣泛用於遺傳學研究,此外擬果蠅塞席爾果蠅英语Drosophila sechellia雅库巴果蝇英语Drosophila yakuba嗜鳳梨果蠅英语Drosophila ananassae擬暗果蠅英语Drosophila pseudoobscura黑翅果蝇英语Drosophila persimilisDrosophila willistoni英语Drosophila willistoniDrosophila mojavensis英语Drosophila mojavensisDrosophila virilis英语Drosophila virilisDrosophila grimshawi英语Drosophila grimshawi等物種的基因組也已被完整定序,有些也被用作生物研究的模式生物[2]

果蝇属
擬暗果蠅英语Drosophila pseudoobscura
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 雙翅目 Diptera
科: 果蝇科 Drosophilidae
属: 果蝇属 Drosophila
Carl Frederick Fallén英语Carl Frederick Fallén, 1823
模式種
Drosophila funebris英语Drosophila funebris
Fabricius, 1787
亞屬
異名
  • Acanthophila Duda, 1925
  • Acanthopterna Duda, 1925
  • Acrodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Antopocerus Hardy, 1965
  • Ateledrosophila Hardy, 1965
  • Chaetodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Chatodrosophilella Duda, 1923
  • Chusqueophila Brncic, 1957
  • Dorsilopha Sturtevant, 1942
  • Dudaica Strand, 1943
  • Engiscaptomyza Kaneshiro, 1969
  • Hypenomyia Grimshaw, 1901
  • Idiomyia Grimshaw, 1901
  • Macropalpus Duda, 1926
  • Nudidrosophila Hardy, 1965
  • Oinopota Kirby & Spence, 1815
  • Oinopota Oken, 1823
  • Phloridosa Sturtevant, 1942
  • Psilodorha Okada, 1968
  • Siphlodora Patterson & Mainland, 1944
  • Sordophila Wheeler, 1949
  • Spinodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Spinulophila Duda, 1923
  • Trichotobregma Hardy, 1965

果蠅屬已發表的物種超過1500種[3][4],但很可能是複系群,多數物種屬Drosophila英语Drosophila (subgenus)Sophophora英语Sophophora兩亞屬,此外還有Dorsilopha英语DorsilophaSiphlodora英语SiphlodoraDudaica英语Dudaica等亞屬,過去曾有學者提議將本屬限制在Sophophora亞屬的物種,並以黑腹果蠅為模式種,但未獲國際動物命名法委員會通過[5]。本屬物種廣泛分布於世界各地,其中以熱帶地區為多[6],在沙漠、熱帶雨林、城市、沼澤與高山中皆有,黑腹果蠅、大果蠅英语Drosophila immigrans和擬果蠅常出現於人類生活的環境, 北美洲的蒙大拿果蠅英语Drosophila montana棲息於高海拔山區,為適應低溫的耐寒物種[7],分布於夏威夷的約400個物種有時被歸為一獨立屬Idiomyia[3][8]。本屬物種大多以腐敗的植物或真菌基質為食,少數物種(鈴木氏果蠅英语Drosophila suzukii)可食用新鮮果實而為害蟲[9],雄性個體的精子長度在動物界中算相當長的,二裂果蠅的精子伸展時長達5.8公分,超過其體長的20倍,為已知生物最長的精子[10]

下属物种

编辑

本属包括以下物种:[11]

归入本属的物种:

參考文獻

编辑
  1. ^ drosophila (n.). Etymonline. [2021-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-10). 
  2. ^ 12 Drosophila Genomes Project. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [July 29, 2010]. (原始内容存档于May 27, 2010). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Gerhard Bächli. TaxoDros: the database on taxonomy of Drosophilidae. 1999–2006 [2021-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09). 
  4. ^ Therese A. Markow; Patrick M. O'Grady. Drosophila: A guide to species identification and use. London: Elsevier. 2005. ISBN 978-0-12-473052-6. 
  5. ^ Yassin, Amir. Phylogenetic classification of the Drosophilidae Rondani (Diptera): the role of morphology in the postgenomic era. Systematic Entomology. 2013, 38 (2): 349–364. ISSN 0307-6970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00665.x. 
  6. ^ Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Ecological Services. Endangered Species | About Us | Featured Species: Relict Leopard Frog. www.fws.gov. [2018-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-27). 
  7. ^ Parker, Darren J; Wiberg, R Axel W; Trivedi, Urmi; Tyukmaeva, Venera I; Gharbi, Karim; Butlin, Roger K; Hoikkala, Anneli; Kankare, Maaria; Ritchie, Michael G; Gonzalez, Josefa. Inter and Intraspecific Genomic Divergence in Drosophila montana Shows Evidence for Cold Adaptation. Genome Biology and Evolution. August 2018, 10 (8): 2086–2101. PMC 6107330 . PMID 30010752. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy147. 
  8. ^ Brake, Irina; Bächli, Gerhard. Drosophilidae (Diptera). World Catalogue of Insects. 2008. ISBN 978-87-88757-88-0. 
  9. ^ Mark Hoddle. Spotted Wing Drosophila (Cherry Vinegar Fly) Drosophila suzukii. Center for Invasive Species Research. [July 29, 2010]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-01). 
  10. ^ Pitnick, S.; Spicer, G.S.; Markow, T.A. How long is a giant sperm?. Nature. 1995, 375 (6527): 109. Bibcode:1995Natur.375Q.109P. PMID 7753164. doi:10.1038/375109a0. 
  11. ^ Drosophila Fallen, 1823. GBIF. [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-16).