橙

橙是一类水果，指任何的柑橘属水果，属于芸香科（参见被称为橙的植物列表（英语：list of plants known as orange）），一般指甜橙^[1] ，学名Citrus × sinensis以区分一种学名叫做 Citrus × aurantium的植物，也就是苦橙。甜橙会进行无性繁殖，使得各种甜橙通过突变产生。 ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

一整个橙，切成一半的橙，和切成一片的橙

剥皮了的橙

橙树的橙和花

橙和橙汁

橙是柚子 (Citrus maxima) 和柑 (Citrus reticulata)的杂交种。^[2]^[6] 橙的叶绿体基因组，也就是母系是柚。 ^[7] 甜橙有自己的完整基因组测序（英语：Whole genome sequencing）。^[2]

橙起源于中国南方，印度东北部和缅甸地区。 ^[8]^[9]在公元前314年，中国文献最先描述了甜橙。^[2] 截至1987年^[update]，人们发现橙树是世界上最多的耕作果树。 ^[10] 橙树大量生长于热带和亚热带地区，以生成橙。橙树的果实，也就是橙可以直接生吃，或是榨成橙汁和有香气的橙皮的来源。^[11] 截至2012年^[update]，甜橙约占柑橘属产量的70％。 ^[12]

在 2017年，全球一共生长了7300万吨的橙，其中巴西就生长了其中的 24% ，紧接着的是中国和印度。^[13]

参见编辑

参考资料编辑

^ Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) (maxima × reticulata) sweet orange. Plants.USDA.gov. （原始内容存档于2011-05-12）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Xu, Q; Chen, LL; Ruan, X; Chen, D; Zhu, A; Chen, C; Bertrand, D; Jiao, WB; Hao, BH; Lyon, MP; Chen, J; Gao, S; Xing, F; Lan, H; Chang, JW; Ge, X; Lei, Y; Hu, Q; Miao, Y; Wang, L; Xiao, S; Biswas, MK; Zeng, W; Guo, F; Cao, H; Yang, X; Xu, XW; Cheng, YJ; Xu, J; Liu, JH; Luo, OJ; Tang, Z; Guo, WW; Kuang, H; Zhang, HY; Roose, ML; Nagarajan, N; Deng, XX; Ruan, Y. The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nature Genetics. Jan 2013, 45 (1): 59–66. PMID 23179022. doi:10.1038/ng.2472. 已忽略未知参数|doi-access= (帮助)
^ Orange Fruit Information. 2017-06-09 [2018-09-20].
^ Orange fruit nutrition facts and health benefits. [2018-09-20].
^ Oranges: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts. [2018-09-20].
^ Andrés García Lor. Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos (PDF) (Thesis): 79. 2013.
^ Velasco, R; Licciardello, C. A genealogy of the citrus family. Nature Biotechnology. 2014, 32 (7): 640–642. PMID 25004231. doi:10.1038/nbt.2954. 已忽略未知参数|s2cid= (帮助)
^ Morton, Julia F. Fruits of Warm Climates. 1987: 134–142.
^ Talon, Manuel; Caruso, Marco; Gmitter, Jr., Fred G. The Genus Citrus. Woodhead Publishing. 2020: 17. ISBN 9780128122174.
^ Morton, J. Orange, Citrus sinensis. In: Fruits of Warm Climates. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University: 134–142. 1987.
^ Citrus sinensis. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA.
^ Organisms. Citrus Genome Database
^ Production of oranges, 2017 – choose "Production, Crops, World Regions" in the left margin and picklist. United Nations, Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO Statistics. 2018 [2019-07-23].

外部链接编辑

維基共享資源中有關橙的多媒體資源
維基物種中有關橙的數據
Citrus sinensis List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases), USDA, Agricultural Research Service.
Oranges: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy. (2006). University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Accessed May 23, 2014.

[USDA-1] Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) (maxima × reticulata) sweet orange. Plants.USDA.gov. （原始内容存档于2011-05-12）.

[fullgenome-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Xu, Q; Chen, LL; Ruan, X; Chen, D; Zhu, A; Chen, C; Bertrand, D; Jiao, WB; Hao, BH; Lyon, MP; Chen, J; Gao, S; Xing, F; Lan, H; Chang, JW; Ge, X; Lei, Y; Hu, Q; Miao, Y; Wang, L; Xiao, S; Biswas, MK; Zeng, W; Guo, F; Cao, H; Yang, X; Xu, XW; Cheng, YJ; Xu, J; Liu, JH; Luo, OJ; Tang, Z; Guo, WW; Kuang, H; Zhang, HY; Roose, ML; Nagarajan, N; Deng, XX; Ruan, Y. The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nature Genetics. Jan 2013, 45 (1): 59–66. PMID 23179022. doi:10.1038/ng.2472. 已忽略未知参数|doi-access= (帮助)

[3] Orange Fruit Information. 2017-06-09 [2018-09-20].

[4] Orange fruit nutrition facts and health benefits. [2018-09-20].

[5] Oranges: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts. [2018-09-20].

[AGLthesis-6] Andrés García Lor. Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos (PDF) (Thesis): 79. 2013.

[genealogy_review-7] Velasco, R; Licciardello, C. A genealogy of the citrus family. Nature Biotechnology. 2014, 32 (7): 640–642. PMID 25004231. doi:10.1038/nbt.2954. 已忽略未知参数|s2cid= (帮助)

[8] Morton, Julia F. Fruits of Warm Climates. 1987: 134–142.

[9] Talon, Manuel; Caruso, Marco; Gmitter, Jr., Fred G. The Genus Citrus. Woodhead Publishing. 2020: 17. ISBN 9780128122174.

[morton-10] Morton, J. Orange, Citrus sinensis. In: Fruits of Warm Climates. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University: 134–142. 1987.

[ars-grin.gov-11] Citrus sinensis. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA.

[citrusgenomedb.org-12] Organisms. Citrus Genome Database

[fao17-13] Production of oranges, 2017 – choose "Production, Crops, World Regions" in the left margin and picklist. United Nations, Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO Statistics. 2018 [2019-07-23].

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