量子隱形傳態

量子遙傳（quantum teleportation），又稱量子隱形傳輸、量子隱形傳送、量子隱形傳態，是一種利用量子纏結來傳送量子態至任意距離的技術。^[1] 名詞翻譯可能最早見於 2000 年科學月刊上的文章，因為 tele 字首表示遠方的意思。量子遙傳並不會傳送任何物質或能量。這樣的技術在量子信息與量子計算上相當有幫助。然而，這方式無法傳遞傳統的資訊，因此無法使用在超光速的通訊上面。量子遙傳與一般所說的瞬間移動沒有關係，量子遙傳無法傳遞系統本身，也無法用來安排分子以在另一端組成物體。

2019年8月18日中国科学技术大学潘建伟、陆朝阳等和奥地利维也纳大学蔡林格(Zeilinger)小组合作，在国际上首次成功实现高维度量子体系的隐形传态。此前的實驗中只能完成二維傳輸，此一突破可以達成任意維度傳輸，向實用化大幅推進。该研究成果发表于国际权威学术期刊《物理评论快报》(PRL)^[2]。

註釋

^ Ting Julian. 量子遙傳. 科學月刊. 2000, 29 (2).
^ 中外科学家联手首次实现高维度量子隐形传态. [2019-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-14）.

參考文獻

Theoretical proposal:
- C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W. K. Wootters, Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993) (pdf^{[永久失效連結]}). This is the seminal paper that laid out the entanglement protocol.
- L. Vaidman, Teleportation of Quantum States, Phys. Rev. A 49, 1473-1476 (1994)
- G Brassard, S Braunstein, R Cleve, Teleportation as a Quantum Computation, Physica D 120 43-47 (1998)
- A. Peres, "What is actually teleported?", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 48, Issue 1, (2004)(this document online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
- G. Rigolin, Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two Qubit State and its Relation to Multipartite Entanglement, Phys. Rev. A 71 032303 (2005)(this document online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
- Shi-Biao Zheng, "Scheme for approximate conditional teleportation of an unknown atomic state without the Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 69, 064302 (2004).
- W. B. Cardoso, A. T. Avelar, B. Baseia, and N. G. de Almeida, "Teleportation of entangled states without Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 72, 045802 (2005) Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2013-02-23.
- Michael N. Leuenberger, Michael E. Flatte, David D. Awschalom, "Teleportation of Electronic Many-Qubit States Encoded in the Electron Spin of Quantum Dots via Single Photons", Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 107401 (2005) Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2013-02-23.
First experiments with photons:
- D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, Experimental Quantum Teleportation, Nature 390, 6660, 575-579 (1997).
- D. Boschi, S. Branca, F. De Martini, L. Hardy, & S. Popescu, Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 6, 1121-1125 (1998)
- Y.-H. Kim, S.P. Kulik, and Y. Shih, Quantum teleportation of a polarization state with a complete bell state measurement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1370 (2001).
- I. Marcikic, H. de Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, Long-Distance Teleportation of Qubits at Telecommunication Wavelengths, Nature, 421, 509 (2003)
- R. Ursin et al., Quantum Teleportation Link across the Danube, Nature 430, 849 (2004)
First experiments with atoms:
- M. Riebe, H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, W. Hänsel, M. Ruth, J. Benhelm, G. P. T. Lancaster, T. W. Körber, C. Becher, F. Schmidt-Kaler, D. F. V. James, R. Blatt, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation with Atoms, Nature 429, 734-737 (2004)
- M. D. Barrett, J. Chiaverini, T. Schaetz, J. Britton, W. M. Itano, J. D. Jost, E. Knill, C. Langer, D. Leibfried, R. Ozeri, D. J. Wineland, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation of Atomic Qubits, Nature 429, 737 (2004).
- S. Olmschenk, D. N. Matsukevich, P. Maunz, D. Hayes, L.-M. Duan, and C. Monroe, Quantum Teleportation between Distant Matter Qubits, Science 323, 486 (2009).