File:Gary Cooper 1926.jpg

原始文件(487 × 691像素,文件大小:57 KB,MIME类型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: Gary Cooper publicity photo for the American western film The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926).
日期
来源 Flickr
作者 Paramount Pictures
授权
(二次使用本文件)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote two film actors. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

许可协议

Public domain
这个作品在美利坚合众国属于公有领域,因为它首次发布早于1929年1月1日,或于该日期之前在美国著作权局登记。

公有领域作品必须在美国以及来源国没有版权问题,才能上传至维基共享资源。如果此作品不是美国作品,这个文件必须要有一个额外的版权标记显示此文件在来源国的版权状态。
注意:此标签不应用于录音作品。PD-1923美国公有领域//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gary_Cooper_1926.jpg

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Still from the film "The Winning of Barbara Worth" (1926)

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