沙丁胺醇（salbutamol），一种短效β2肾上腺素能受体激动剂，用作平喘药。
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| 系统（IUPAC）命名名称 | |
|---|---|
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(RS)-4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
(RS)-4-[2-(叔丁氨基)-1-羟乙基]-2-(羟甲基)苯酚 |
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| 临床数据 | |
| 妊娠分级 | |
| 给药途径 | 口服，吸入，静注 |
| 合法狀態 | |
| 合法状态 |
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| 药代动力学数据 | |
| 代谢 | 肝脏 |
| 生物半衰期 | 1.6小时 |
| 排泄 | 肾脏 |
| 识别信息 | |
| CAS注册号 | 18559-94-9 |
| ATC代码 | R03AC02 R03 |
| PubChem | CID 2083 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 558 |
| DrugBank | APRD00553 |
| ChemSpider | 1999  |
| UNII | QF8SVZ843E |
| KEGG | D02147 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL714 |
| 化学信息 | |
| 化学式 | C13H21NO3 |
| 摩尔质量 | 239.311 |
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本条目需要擴充。（2017年7月11日） |
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Salbutamol (top),
(R)-(−)-salbutamol (center) and (S)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom) |
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| 系统（IUPAC）命名名称 | |
|---|---|
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(RS)-4-[2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
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| 临床数据 | |
| 商品名 | Ventolin, Proventil, others[2] |
| Drugs.com | Monograph |
| 医疗法规 | |
| 妊娠分级 | |
| 给药途径 | by mouth, inhalational, IV |
| 合法狀態 | |
| 合法状态 |
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| 药代动力学数据 | |
| 代谢 | Liver |
| 起效 | <15 min (inhaled), <30 min (pill)[3] |
| 生物半衰期 | 3.8–6 hours |
| 作用时间 | 2–6 hrs[3] |
| 排泄 | Kidney |
| 识别信息 | |
| CAS注册号 | 18559-94-9 |
| ATC代码 | R03AC02 R03 |
| PubChem | CID 2083 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 558 |
| DrugBank | DB01001  |
| ChemSpider | 1999 |
| UNII | QF8SVZ843E |
| KEGG | D02147 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:2549 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL714 |
| 化学信息 | |
| 化学式 | C13H21NO3 |
| 摩尔质量 | 239.311 g/mol |
| 手性 | Racemic mixture |
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Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and marketed as Ventolin among other names,[2] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.[3] It is used to treat asthma including asthma attacks, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[3] It may also be used to treat high blood potassium levels.[4] Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer but is also available as a pill and intravenous solution.[3][5] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours.[3]
Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious. Serious side effects may include worsening bronchospasm, irregular heartbeat, and low blood potassium levels.[3] It can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but safety is not entirely clear.[3][6] It is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist which works by causing airway smooth muscles to relax.[3]
Salbutamol was first made in 1967 in Britain and became commercially available in the UK in 1969.[7] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale cost in the developing world of an inhaler which contains 200 doses is between $1.12 and $2.64 (USD) as of 2014.[9] In the United States, it is between $25 and $50 for a typical month supply.[10]
参考编辑
- ^ Health Canada
- ^ 2.0 2.1 引用错误：没有为名为
brands的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Albuterol. Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 2, 2015].
- ^ Mahoney, BA; Smith, WA; Lo, DS; Tsoi, K; Tonelli, M; Clase, CM. Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 18 April 2005, (2): CD003235. PMID 15846652. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2.
- ^ Starkey, ES; Mulla, H; Sammons, HM; Pandya, HC. Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine? (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. September 2014, 99 (9): 873–7. PMID 24938536. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467.
- ^ Yaffe, Sumner J. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk 9th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011: 32. ISBN 9781608317080.
- ^ Landau, Ralph. Pharmaceutical innovation : revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. 1999: 226. ISBN 9780941901215.
- ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016].
- ^ Salbutamol. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [5 December 2015].
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 448. ISBN 9781284057560.