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User:春卷柯南/金山分局

< User:春卷柯南

郭芳枫（1913年—1994年11月8日），来自中国福建的新加坡企业家，丰隆集团创办人兼前任主席。出身贫寒的他在1928年迁居新加坡後发家致富；在1984年退休前，他更曾以30亿新加坡元的资产净值获《福布斯》杂志评为全球首富。

早年生涯 编辑

郭芳枫在1913年生於中国福建同安[1][2]一个贫穷的农民家庭[3]，为家中次子，在农村里成长[4]。他在1928年从福建前往新加坡[5]。 He first started out as a shop helper[6] at his brother-in-law's hardware firm.[7] His monthly salary then was just $5[1] and he reportedly slept on the floors of the store.[8] During World War II, Kwek became rich by trading construction materials.[9] He also participated in smuggling basic goods[10] and traded with Japanese merchants.[11]

經商生涯 编辑

Founded in 1941,[12] the Hong Leong Group was originally a trading company that supplied basic construction materials[13] and rubber.[14] Wanting to work as a team, Kwek subsequently beckoned his three brothers to join Hong Leong.[15][16] Becoming chairman of the organisation in 1956,[17] Kwek retired in 1984;[18] before that, his net worth was estimated by Forbes to be worth S$3 billion.[19] He was also ranked one of the wealthiest men in the world by Forbes.[20]

訴訟案件 编辑

In November 1989, a lawsuit was filed against Kwek for the misuse of funds as well as abetment.[20] Represented by G. P. Selvam, Kwek was later found guilty of the charges, with a pending charge of "dishonestly receiving stolen property". Kwek was later allowed bail set at a million dollars.[21] Kwek's passport was also seized as a precaution.[22]

逝世及纪念 编辑

郭芳枫在1994年11月8日逝世，享年83岁[23]。美国有线新闻网络（CNN）的路易斯·克拉尔（Louis Kraar）形容郭芳枫是「新加坡的一流发展商」[24]。他的兒子郭令明繼承家業，掌管豐隆集團[5]。新加坡亚洲文明博物馆 A gallery displaying Chinese artefacts at the Ancient Civilisations Museum has been named after Kwek.[25]

參考文獻 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 History. Hong Leong Group. [May 11, 2013]. 
  2. ^ Asian Civilisations Museum Receives S$5 million Gift For Expansion Of Its China Gallery (PDF). news.gov.sg. [May 11, 2013]. 
  3. ^ Corfield, Justin. Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. 2010: 137. ISBN 9780810873872. 
  4. ^ Ong Chong Kai. Kwek Hong Png. Singapore Infopedia. National Library, Singapore. [2013-05-14]. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Menkhoff, Thomas; Solvay, Gerke. Chinese Entrepreneurship and Asian Business Networks. Routledge. 2012: 200. ISBN 9781136002304. 
  6. ^ Asiaweek 20. Asiaweek Limited. 1994: 16. 
  7. ^ Hamilton, Gary G. Business Networks and Economic Development in East and Southeast Asia. Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong. 1991. 
  8. ^ Doebele, Justin; Brown, Heidi. The man with the golden machine gun. Forbes. July 9, 2001. 
  9. ^ Susanto, A.B.; Susanto, Patricia. The Dragon Network: Inside Stories of the Most Successful Chinese Family Businesses. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 10. 
  10. ^ Studwell, Joe. Asian Godfathers. Grove Press. 2008: 21. ISBN 9781555848927. 
  11. ^ Studwell, Joe. Asian Godfathers: Money and Power in Hong Kong and South East Asia. Profile Books. 2010: 271. ISBN 9781847651440. 
  12. ^ Matthews, John A. Dragon Multinational: A New Model for Global Growth: A New Model for Global Growth. Oxford University Press. 2002: 36. ISBN 9780195352894. 
  13. ^ Rimmer, Peter James; Dick, Howard W. The City in Southeast Asia: Patterns, Processes, and Policy. NUS Press. 2009: 209. ISBN 9789971694265. 
  14. ^ History. Hong Leong Asia. [May 11, 2013]. 
  15. ^ Ch'ng, David C.L. The overseas Chinese entrepreneurs in East Asia: background, business practices and international networks. Committee for the Economic Development of Australia. 1993: 87. 
  16. ^ Kim, Patrick. Leading Successfully in Asia. Springer. 2013: 97. ISBN 9783642312878. 
  17. ^ Portrait of Mr. Kwek Hong Png, founder of Hong Leong Company. BooksSG. [May 11, 2013]. 
  18. ^ East Asia Analytical Unit. Overseas Chinese business networks in Asia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 1995: 331. ISBN 9780642229601. 
  19. ^ A new management at Hong Leong. Asian Finance 10 (7–12). 1984: 176. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 P.M. BRIEFING : Billionaire Faces Funds Charge. Los Angeles Times. November 29, 1989. 
  21. ^ Kwek Hong Png charged with abetting in CBT. The Straits Times. October 19, 1989: 3. 
  22. ^ Hong Leong founder's case put off for another two weeks. The Straits Times. November 16, 1989: 19. 
  23. ^ 丰隆集团创办人 郭芳枫逝世. 联合早报 (新加坡报业控股). 1994年11月9日: 1 [2013年5月14日]. 
  24. ^ Kraar, Louis. The Mystery Man Who Took The Plaza From Donald Trump. CNN. December 25, 1995. 
  25. ^ Asian Civilisations Museum names gallery after Hong Leong Group founder. Hong Leong. March 1, 2003. 
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