Xcode

用於開發macOS、iOS、iPadOS、watchOS、tvOS應用程式的集成開發環境

Xcode蘋果公司向開發人員提供的集成開發環境,用於開發macOSiOSiPadOSWatchOStvOS的應用程序。

Xcode
Xcode 12 logo.tiff
Xcode 4.6.png
運行於Mac OS X 10.6上的Xcode 3.2
開發者蘋果公司
目前版本
  • 14.3 RC 1 (2023年3月21日;测试版本)
  • 14.2 (2022年12月13日)[1]
編輯維基數據鏈接
操作系统macOS
类型集成開發環境
许可协议專有軟件
网站Apple - Xcode

概述编辑

Xcode前身是繼承自NeXTProject Builder

The Xcode suite包含有GNU Compiler Collection自由軟體(GCC、LLVM(默认是后者)),並支援C語言C++FortranObjective-CObjective-C++JavaAppleScriptPythonRubySwift,還提供CocoaCarbon以及Java等編程模式。協力廠商更提供了GNU Pascal[2]Free Pascal[3], Ada[4], C#[5], Perl[6], Haskell[7]D語言。Xcode套件使用GDB作為其後台調試工具

從Xcode 3.1開始附帶iOS SDK,作為iOS的開發環境。

Xcode 4.0於2011 年 3 月 9 日正式發行。該版本非Apple開發者註冊會員亦能從Mac App Store中付費下載,收取US$4.99的費用。

從Xcode 4.1開始,Mac OS X v10.6Mac OS X v10.7的使用者可以從Mac App Store中免費下載。

Xcode最新的版本是Xcode 14.2(每年的WWDC发布大版本更新),支持iOS 14和watchOS 7的開發。同樣,可在Mac App Store上免費下載。

版本歷史编辑

Xcode 1.0 - Xcode 2.x(支援 iOS 之前)编辑

Xcode 3.0 - Xcode 4.x编辑

Xcode 5.0 - 6.x (支援 arm64 )编辑

Xcode 7.0 - 10.x (開放免費部署至實體裝置)编辑

Xcode 11.0 - 14.x (SwiftUI軟體框架)编辑

版本歷程
版本 Build 釋出日期 macOS上的最低版本[48] macOS SDK(s)[49] 包括iOS SDK [50] 包括watchOS SDK [51] 包括tvOS SDK [52] Notes

11.0

11A420a September 20, 2019 10.14.4 10.15 (19A547) iOS 13.0 (17A566) watchOS 6.0 (17R566) tvOS 13.0 (17J559) [54]

11.1

11A1027 October 7, 2019 iOS 13.1 (17A820) [55]

11.2

11B52 October 31, 2019 10.15.1 (19B81) iOS 13.2 (17B80) watchOS 6.1 (17S80) tvOS 13.2 (17K81) [56]

11.2.1

11B500 November 12, 2019 10.15.1 (19B89) iOS 13.2 (17B102) tvOS 13.2 (17K90) [57][58]

11.3

11C29 December 10, 2019 10.15.2 (19B90) [59][58]

11.3.1

11C505 January 13, 2020 [60][58]

11.4

11E146 March 24, 2020 10.15.2 10.15.4 (19E258) iOS 13.4 (17E255) watchOS 6.2 (17T255) tvOS 13.4 (17L255) [61][58]

11.4.1

11E503a April 15, 2020 iOS 13.4 (17E8258) [62][58]

11.5

11E608c May 20, 2020 iOS 13.5 (17F65) [63][58]

11.6

11E708 July 15, 2020 10.15.6 (19G68) iOS 13.6 (17G64) [64][58]

11.7

11E801a September 1, 2020 iOS 13.7 (17H22) [65][58]

12.0

12A7209 September 16, 2020 10.15.4 (Intel-based Mac)
11.0 (Apple silicon Mac)
iOS 14 (18A390) watchOS 7 (18R382) tvOS 14 (18J390) [66][58]

12.0.1

12A7300 September 24, 2020 [67][58]

12.1

12A7403 October 20, 2020 iOS 14.1 (18A8394) [68][58]

12.1.1 RC

12A7605b October 30, 2020 iOS 14.2 (18B79) watchOS 7.1 (18R579) tvOS 14.2 (18K54) [69][58]

12.2

12B45b November 12, 2020 11.0 (20A2408) [70][58]

12.3

12C33 December 14, 2020 11.1 (20C63) iOS 14.3 (18C61) watchOS 7.2 (18S561) tvOS 14.3 (18K559) [71][58]

12.4

12D4e January 26, 2021 iOS 14.4 (18D46) [72][58]

12.5

12E262 April 26, 2021 11.0 11.3 (20E214) iOS 14.5 (18E182) watchOS 7.4 (18T187) tvOS 14.5 (18L191) [73][58]

12.5.1

12E507 June 21, 2021 [74][58]

13.0

13A233 September 20, 2021 11.3 iOS 15.0 (19A339) watchOS 8.0 (19R341) tvOS 15.0 (19J344) [75][58]

13.1

13A1030d October 25, 2021 12.0 (21A344) watchOS 8.0.1 (19R351) [76][58]

13.2

13C90 December 13, 2021 12.1 (21C46) iOS 15.2 (19C51) watchOS 8.3 (19S51) tvOS 15.2 (19K50) [77][58]

13.2.1

13C100 December 17, 2021 [78][58]

13.3

13E113 March 14, 2022 12.0 12.3 (21E226) iOS 15.4 (19E239) watchOS 8.5 (19T241) tvOS 15.4 (19L439) [79][58]

13.3.1

13E500a April 11, 2022 [80][58]

13.4

13F17a May 16, 2022 iOS 15.5 (19F64) [81][58]

13.4.1

13F100 June 2, 2022 [82][58]

14.0

14A309 September 12, 2022 12.5 iOS 16.0 (20A360) watchOS 9.0 (20R362) tvOS 16.0 (20J373) [83][58]

14.0.1

14A400 September 26, 2022 [84][58]

14.1

14B47b November 1, 2022 13.0 (22A372) iOS 16.1 (20B71) watchOS 9.1 (20S71) tvOS 16.1 (20K67) [85][58]

14.2

14C18 December 13, 2022 13.1 (22C55) iOS 16.2 (20C52) [86][58]
版本 Build 釋出日期 macOS上的最低版本[48] macOS SDK(s)[49] 包括iOS SDK[50] 包括watchOS SDK[51] 包括tvOS SDK[52] Notes
已停產 目前版本 Beta測試版本

事故编辑

XcodeGhost编辑

在2015 年 9 月 18 日,有人發佈消息稱發現由某第三方提供的Xcode(即XcodeGhost)包含惡意後門,會使其編譯的程序被注入相應的後門用於收集相關使用信息,多個中國大陸發佈的軟件被該編譯器感染。[87][88]有人推測傳染方式可能是其作者通過多種社交途徑推廣其發佈的第三方Xcode;[88]也有人分析通過污染迅雷的離線下載服務使其緩存了染毒版本文件,使只要通過迅雷下載,即使是從官方途徑下載也會因為迅雷的CDN機制而染毒。[89]

之後所感染的軟件開發者和其他蘋果應用開發者相繼排查並重新發佈無污染版本。迅雷表示其CDN系統的緩存文件無被污染。[89]其事件作者也發表聲明稱此次為一次錯誤的實驗。[90][91]

根據史諾登(Edward Snowden)揭露文件,美國中情局(CIA)在2012 年 已有類似攻擊手法,即可以透過偽冒Xcode,用來監控所有使用該偽冒開發工具所開發的App及後續的修改版本,而這套偽冒開發工具所開發的App,可以在蘋果公司的官方App Store上架並販售,且不會被任何人員發覺有異常之處。[92]

參考文獻编辑

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外部連結编辑