伊朗綠色革命
伊朗綠色革命(波斯語:پیامدهای انتخابات ریاستجمهوری دهم ایران)是2009年伊朗的一次大型的反政府群眾運動。在2009年伊朗總統選舉中,官方宣布馬哈茂德·艾哈邁迪內賈德以絕對優勢成功連任,但是反對派總統候選人、前總理米爾-侯賽因·穆薩維認為選舉存在嚴重選舉舞弊,要求重新選舉。從6月13日凌晨開始,大批民眾走上街頭抗議選舉不公和艾哈邁迪內賈德政府,以及要求伊朗進行改革,實現自由和民主。由於穆薩維用綠色作為競選顏色,因而示威群眾大多身穿綠衣或者佩戴綠絲帶、頭巾等,揮舞綠旗,形成「綠色海洋」,因而被稱為「綠色革命」。[35][36][37]
示威抗議活動由伊朗首都德黑蘭蔓延到全國各地,乃至海外伊朗僑民,最高時刻有超過300萬人在德黑蘭參與示威。是伊朗革命以來最嚴重的騷動。這次運動的一個很大的特點就是網絡技術的廣泛應用,由於伊朗政府進行信息管制,封鎖和驅逐媒體,導致伊朗國內局勢不能及時傳遞出去,但是伊朗民眾頂風利用新興的網絡工具,如Twitter、Facebook、YouTube和代理伺服器,將示威和政府鎮壓的實況報道出去。所以很多人也稱這次運動為「Twitter革命」。
迫於民眾的反對壓力,伊朗最高領袖阿里·哈米尼宣布調查選舉舞弊指控,並作部分重新計票,但是示威民眾對這一舉措仍然不滿,要求必須重新選舉。示威民眾和伊斯蘭革命衛隊之間發生衝突,36人在衝突中喪生,其中多名學生在政府武裝攻佔德黑蘭大學學生宿舍時被殺害。而4,000多名改革派知名人士被政府逮捕。
示威冲突
编辑民众和警方的冲突从星期六(6月13日)一大早开始。抗议活动最初主要是和平,但变得越来越暴力。愤怒的群众在德黑兰攻入商店,拆除招牌和窗户。[38]民众纵火焚烧轮胎及组成人链封锁了一条德黑兰主要街道。同天有匿名消息说,警察冲进反对派阵营总部,并拘捕了数人。[39][40]
进入6月14日,抗议活动已大大增加,并且变得更加暴力。燃烧的公共汽车和垃圾桶封锁进入德黑兰的街道和高速公路。抗议者攻击商店、政府机关、警察局、警车、加油站和银行。[41]示威活动也波及到校园。德黑兰大学、沙希德·贝赫什提大学等大学内,学生开始烧毁各种建筑和物品,并在街上与警察和伊斯兰革命卫队官员发生冲突。警方已经在梅赫拉巴德国际机场和伊玛目霍梅尼国际机场安装了路障,防止示威者计划攻击,并且也封锁内政部周围道路。在那里示威者焚烧汽车轮胎,投掷石块和燃烧瓶。[42]示威活动也蔓延到伊朗全国各地。阿瓦士、设拉子、戈尔甘、扎黑丹、大不里士、拉什特等地示威活动的规模一直在增加。[43]由于防暴警察行动在很大程度上仅限于德黑兰,所以伊斯兰革命卫队和巴斯基民兵已经被派往各个城市去平息抗议活动。
半岛电视台英文频道描述抗议活动“自1979年革命以来最大的动乱”,半岛电视台还表示,这些抗议活动似乎没有任何正式的组织在运作。[44]有报道说,6月14日,两人死于骚乱。[45]
14日晚上至15日凌晨,在德黑兰大学宿舍里,15名学生因为遭到警察和巴斯基民兵野蛮殴打严重受伤或死亡。这里的大部分学生没有料到在没有参与任何内乱的时候会遭到无端攻击。[46]120名谢里夫科技大学的教师辞职,以抗议选举舞弊,并开始抗议内贾德再次当选为总统。[47]
同样在14日,成千上万内贾德的支持者聚集在首都德黑兰,以庆祝内贾德成功连任。[48]支持者包括当地德黑兰居民以及各省的保守人士。
在6月15日,超过10万名示威者[49]走上街头。尽管政府官员表示,任何此类集会将是非法的。[50][51]亲政府的巴斯基民兵开枪,据称打死了7名示威者。在开枪后,人群据说進击了民兵的大院。伊朗当局已经逮捕了一名男子。[52]除了这起事件外,其余的示威活动还算和平。亲政府的巴斯基民兵基本上停留在观望抗议人群。[53]
示威进入16日。数千人集结在德黑兰街头了。[54][55]一名英国记者看到特别警察将示威民众和巴斯基民兵隔开。[56]120多个德黑兰大学教授已经辞职,以抗议安全部队暴力袭击大学宿舍和暴力侵害学生。[57]
外界聲援
编辑延續
编辑參見
编辑參考資料
编辑- ^ Al Jazeera International Timeline: Iran after the election (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Vegas Iranians Protest Violence In Home Country[永久失效連結]、fox5vegas.com (19 June 2009)
- ^ Streit im Iran eskaliert. stuttgarter-zeitung.de. 2009-06-20 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-21) (德语).
- ^ En tyst minut för dödsoffren. Sundsvall Tidning. 2009-06-26 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-12) (瑞典语).
- ^ Demonstration i Uppsala. Nyheterna.se. 2009-06-25 [24 April 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-09) (瑞典语).
- ^ Ny demonstration för dem i Iran. hd.se. 2009-07-08 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-07) (瑞典语).
- ^ Demonstration för iransk demokrati. Sveriges Radio. 2009-06-18 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-10) (瑞典语).
- ^ Demonstranterna stödjer folket i. jnytt.se. 2009-07-08 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-21) (瑞典语).
- ^ Irandemonstration i Uddevalla. Sveriges Radio. 2009-06-25 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-10) (瑞典语).
- ^ Hundratals boråsiranier i protest. bt.se. 2009-06-24 [2013-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-29) (瑞典语).
- ^ http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1034041/Protest-outside-Iranian-embassy-in-Canberra (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Protests outside Iranian embassy in Canberra、sbs.com.au (26 July 2009)
- ^ Iran poll prompts Adelaide protest、abc.net.au (June 18、2009). Abc.net.au. 2009-06-18 [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-13).
- ^ Iranian students take part in a protest rally in support of the defeated moderate presidential candidate Mirhossein Mousavi in front of the Iranian embassy in Kiev, June 16, 2009. Mousavi has disputed official figures which gave hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a landslide, and called for the election to be annulled. REUTERS/Konstantin Chernichkin (UKRAINE POLITICS ELECTIONS CONFLICT). Reuters. [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-24).
- ^ Iranians stage peaceful demo in Bristol、thisisbristol.co.uk (June 19、2009). Thisisbristol.co.uk. 2009-06-19 [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-31).
- ^ 100 Teilnehmer bei Iran-Demo in Salzburg. salzburg.orf.at. 2009-07-12 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-26) (德语).
- ^ Bucuresti Peste 150 de cetateni iranieni au protestat fata de alegerea lui Ahmadinejad. Antena3. 2009-06-19 [2009-06-20]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-28) (罗马尼亚语).
- ^ "Hol van a szavazatunk?", "Ahmadinezsád nem a mi elnökünk!" - Tüntetés a Stefánián. Hírszerző. 2009-06-15 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24) (匈牙利语).
- ^ Turkey-based Iranian residents, who are supporters of Iranian opposition leader Mirhossein Mousavi, hold pictures of a woman identified by protestors as Neda Agha Soltan during a protest in Ankara June 27, 2009. Agha Soltan, the young woman shown on cameraphone footage falling, apparently shot, on the edges of a protest at Iran's disputed elections has drawn a passionate response worldwide. REUTERS/Stringer (TURKEY POLITICS CONFLICT). Reuters. [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-24).
- ^ Ali, Sajjad. Iranian protest Islamabad. Demotix.com. 2010-12-27 [2011-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-21).
- ^ Egypt takes no chances over Iran-inspired demonstration. Reuters. 2009-07-02 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-28).
- ^ Iran election protesters set to defy supreme leader、Northwesternubf.org (June 20、2009). Northwesternubf.org. [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-04).
- ^ An Iranian protester holds a pre-Islamic revolution Iranian national flag in front of the Greek parliament during a rally in solidarity with Iranians protesting against their country's disputed presidential election, in Athens June 23, 2009. REUTERS/John Kolesidis (GREECE CONFLICT POLITICS). Reuters. [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-24).
- ^ http://newshopper.sulekha.com/cyprus-iran-protest_photo_864368.htm Archive.is的存檔,存档日期2012-07-13 A woman holds a picture showing a woman Neda Agha Soltan lying in a Tehran street moments before she died、during a demonstration outside of Iranian embassy in Nicosia、Cyprus、Tuesday、23 June 2009、to protest against the outcome of the Presidential elections and post election violence in Iran、Reuters (23 June 2009)
- ^ Protests in front of the embassy of Iran in Bulgaria、Euinside.eu (June 26、2009). Euinside.eu. 2009-06-26 [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-10).
- ^ http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1069233.html (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Azerbaijani Police Break Up Protest Against Iran、Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (16 June 2009)
- ^ Solidarity with Iran in Warsaw、Thenews.pl (June 22、2009). Thenews.pl. [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-04).
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZzMTQClJvo (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 26 June 2009 campaign and demonstrations in Helsinki、Youtube (26 June 2009)
- ^ Iranian Independent Workers Union message addressed to the workers of Iran、Swp.ie (June 24、2009). Swp.ie. [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-12).
- ^ http://gulfnews.com/news/region/iran/iran-students-in-singapore-protest-presidential-election-1.72558 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Iran students in Singapore protest presidential election、Gulfnews.com (19 June 2009)
- ^ A supporter, who lives in India, of Iran's moderate presidential candidate Mirhossein Mousavi attends a protest against the election results at the Consulate General of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the southern Indian city of Hyderabad June 15, 2009. Iran's Interior Ministry said on Monday that defeated Mousavi would be responsible for any consequences if he went ahead with a rally in Tehran. REUTERS/Krishnendu Halder (INDIA CONFLICT ELECTIONS POLITICS). Reuters. [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-10).
- ^ Human chain formed by Iranians in Dhaka and Sachetan Nagarik、Thedailystar.net (June 25、2009). Thedailystar.net. 2009-06-25 [2013-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-09).
- ^ Iran official says 36 killed in post-vote unrest. AFP. 2009-09-10 [14 February 2011]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-05).
- ^ (BBCPersianTV) –8 June 2012. BBCPersian: The cases of the victims of the 2009 election. BBC. 2012-06-08 [2012-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-11).
- ^ (PressTV) – 11 August 2009. PressTV: '4,000 arrested' in post-election Iran protests. PressTV. 2009-08-11 [2009-08-11]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-27).
- ^ 英报:穆萨维"绿色革命"失败 伊朗改革希望幻灭. 中新网. 2009-06-15 [2021-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-26) (中文).
- ^ Worth, Robert F.; Fathi, Nazila. Protests Flare in Tehran as Opposition Disputes Vote. The New York Times. 2009-06-13 [2021-06-26]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2011-07-11) (美国英语).
- ^ A devastating defeat for Iran's green revolution. the Guardian. 2009-06-13 [2021-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-30) (英语).
- ^ Iran election protests turn violent. CNN. 2009-06-13 [2009-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-15).
- ^ Election Battles Turn Into Street Fights in Iran. ABC News. 2009-06-13 [2009-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-16).
- ^ Iran reformists held after street clashes. BBC News. 2009-06-14 [2009-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-15).
- ^ Iran Election sparks clashes. BBC News. 2009-06-14 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-15).
- ^ Ahmadinejad hails election as protests grow. CNN. [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-15).
- ^ Popular uprising a stamp of rejection of sham election、display of Iranians' determination. NCR. 2009-06-14 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-18).
- ^ Poll results prompt Iran protests. Al Jazeera English. 2009-06-13 [2009-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-18).
- ^ Cohen, Dudi. Tehran youth: I'll never vote in Iran again. 2009-06-14 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-17).
- ^ Copyright: gooya.com 2009. gooya news: politics: کوی دانشگاه تهران به خاک و خون کشیده شد، بامدادخبر. News.gooya.com. [2009-06-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26).
- ^ Mass resignations at Sharif University (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 2009-06-14. huffingtonpost.com
- ^ Middle East | Crowds join Ahmadinejad victory rally. BBC News. 2009-06-04 [2009-06-15]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-15).
- ^ Shots fired as more than 100,000 Iranians defy march ban. guardian.co.uk. [2009-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-05).
- ^ CNNWire、"Defeated Iran candidate appears at rally". [2009-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-17).
- ^ Sky News "Mousavi Supporters Defy Protest Ban Over Ahmadinejad Victory". [2009-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-18).
- ^ Protester killed、others hurt at Tehran rally. MSNBC. 2009-06-15 [2009-06-15]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-03).
- ^ Ahmadinejad's reelection. [2009-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-18).
- ^ Middle East | Iran opposition keeps up pressure. BBC News. 2009-06-16 [2009-06-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-28).
- ^ 55.0 55.1 Opposition in Iran Rejects Call for Partial Recount. [2009-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-25).
- ^ Robert Fisk: Fear has gone in a land that has tasted freedom. The Independent. 2009-06-17 [2009-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-23).
- ^ Iran: 120 professors resign and join sit-in by students in Tehran University. National Council of Resistance of Iran. 2009-06-16 [2009-06-16]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-18).
- ^ Iran’s star footballers show support for Moussavi. 金融時報. [2009-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-21).
- ^ Pirate Bay becomes Persian Bay. [2009-06-18]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-28).
外部連結
编辑- 媒體報道
- 專題報道:法斯通訊社、德黑蘭時報 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、半島電視台(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、BBC (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、紐約時報 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 從德黑蘭發來的文字直播 衛報 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 圖集
- 從伊朗實時傳來的視頻、圖片、信息集(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 多個Twitter的Feed和新聞鏈接
- 照片集 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Flickr
- 照片集[永久失效連結] Picasa
- 伊朗學生聯盟 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 社交網站(群組)
- 其他
- 香港政府新聞網:前赴伊朗的市民應密切留意當地的局勢 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 2009年6月21日