伊索克拉底
(重定向自伊素克拉底)
伊索克拉底(英語:Isocrates,前436年—前338年)[1],古希腊雅典著名的演说家之一。出生于没落的望族家庭。他的一生未曾参与政务,为维持生计,他多次替人撰写演说辞,以此在法庭上为他人辩护。公元前392年,他在雅典建立了修辞学校,吸引了包括安德罗提翁、希伯尔里德斯、伊塞埃乌斯、埃弗鲁斯、塞奥彭普斯及提莫塞乌斯等来自希腊及其附近地区的学生。现存其包括以论述教育为主的《斥智者》、《交换法》(公元前353年)和《节庆演说》(公元前380年)、《普拉提亚人》(倡导报复底比斯于公元前373年占领普拉提亚)、《论和平》(斥责霸权,拥护和平条约和殖民萨索斯,于同盟战争期间的公元前355年完成)、《致腓力书》(完成于公元前346年腓罗克拉泰斯和约后,主张与马其顿的腓力二世团结以抵抗波斯)、《泛雅典娜节献词》(作于公元前339年,评析了雅典与斯巴达的功业)等涉及政治内容的多篇演说辞及九封信件等作品。[2][3]
伊索克拉底 | |
---|---|
出生 | 公元前436年 雅典 |
逝世 | 公元前338年 |
職業 | 演说家 |
體裁 | 演说辞 |
代表作 |
|
参考
编辑- ^ Lesley Adkins,Roy A.Adkins(1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece.Oxford University Press,USA.ISBN 9780195124910.
- ^ Langslow 1988:languages and dialects
- ^ Joint Association of Classical Teachers 1978a and b: Learning Greek
扩展阅读
编辑- Benoit, William L. Isocrates on Rhetorical Education. Communication Education. 1984: 109–119.
- Bizzell, Patricia; Herzberg, Bruce (编). The rhetorical tradition : readings from classical times to the present 2nd. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. 2001. ISBN 0-312-14839-9.
- Bury, J.B. A History of Greece. Macmillan: London. 1913.
- Eucken, von Christoph. Isokrates : seine Positionen in der Auseinandersetzung mit den zeitgenössischen Philosophen. Berlin: W. de Gruyter. 1983. ISBN 3-11-008646-8 (德语).
- Golden, James L.; Berquist, Goodwin F.; Coleman, William E. The rhetoric of Western thought 9th. Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt. 2007. ISBN 0-7575-3838-X.
- Grube, G.M.A. The Greek and Roman Critics. London: Methuen. 1965.
- Haskins, Ekaterina V. Logos and power in Isocrates and Aristotle. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 2004. ISBN 1-57003-526-1.
- Isocrates. Isocrates. Loeb Classical Library. George Norlin, Larue van Hook, trans. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. 1968. ISBN 0-674-99231-8.
- Isocrates. Isocrates I. David Mirhady, Yun Lee Too, trans. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 2000. ISBN 0-292-75237-7.
- Isocrates. Isocrates II. Terry L. Papillon, trans. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 2004. ISBN 0-292-70245-0.
- Livingstone, Niall. A commentary on Isocrates' Busiris. Boston: Brill. 2001. ISBN 90-04-12143-9.
- Papillon, Terry. Isocrates and the Greek Poetic Tradition (PDF). Scholia. 1998, 7: 41–61.[永久失效連結]
- Poulakos, Takis; Depew, David J. (编). Isocrates and civic education. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press. 2004. ISBN 0-292-70219-1.
- Poulakos, Takis. Speaking for the polis : Isocrates' rhetorical education. Columbia, SC: Univ. of South Carolina Press. 1997. ISBN 1-57003-177-0.
- Romilly, Jacqueline de. Magic and rhetoric in ancient Greece. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1985. ISBN 0-674-54152-9.
- Smith, Robert W.; Bryant, Donald C. (编). Ancient Greek and Roman Rhetoricians: A Biographical Dictionary. Columbia, MO: Artcraft Press. 1969.
- Too, Yun Lee. A commentary on Isocrates' Antidosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-923807-1.
- Too, Yun Lee. The rhetoric of identity in Isocrates : text, power, pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1995. ISBN 0-521-47406-X.
- Usener, Sylvia. Isokrates, Platon und ihr Publikum : Hörer und Leser von Literatur im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr.. Tübingen: Narr. 1994. ISBN 3-8233-4278-9 (德语).
- Robin Waterfield's Notes to his translation of Plato's 'Phaedrus', Oxford University Press, 2002.