维基百科

國技

（重定向自国民运动）

國技（National sport, national pastime, national game），又稱國民運動，或國球，是指一個國家特有或具有代表性的競技運動。然而國技的定義並不嚴密，既有公認概念上的國技（如美國的棒球），也有通過法律具體規定的（如加拿大就法定袋棍球和冰球為國技），也因此使得國技並不一定是該國最具人氣或強項的運動。除了加拿大之外，世界上通過法律確定國技的還有巴哈馬的帆船、孟加拉的卡巴迪、巴西的卡波耶拉、斯里蘭卡的排球等。

定義

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國技的定義並不十分嚴格，有在法律上具體規定的競技運動，享有官方認可的地位；[註 1] 也有在國家文化中有特殊意義，深受國民愛戴的競技運動。[註 2] 由國家文化發展而成的競技運動是成為國技的其中一項條件，但並不全然如此，某些源自外國的競技運動也有可能因為深受國民的愛戴，或者具有特殊的意義，成為公認的國技。一般只要符合以下兩項要點，都會被認定為是國技：

國家法令指定的競技運動，給予特殊的地位和待遇[註 1]
例如：加拿大的長曲棍球（夏季）和冰上曲棍球（冬季）
國家或民族文化中特有的競技運動，或者是有某種特殊意義的競技運動[註 2]
例如：日本的相撲、韓國的跆拳道、西班牙的鬥牛

除了上述兩項，某些廣泛普及的競技運動，雖然不是公認的國技，但已經深植入於國家的體育文化當中，成為深受全民歡迎的休閒活動，所以經常是被極力推廣的國家體育項目，例如：世界各地的足球、英聯邦國家的板球、美國的籃球和橄欖球、日本的棒球、馬來西亞和印尼的羽毛球等。

國技列表

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法定的國技

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國家 體育運動 始於
  阿根廷 帕托（英语：Pato） 1953年[1]
  巴哈马 史路普帆船 1993年[2]
  孟加拉国 卡巴迪 1972年[3]
  巴西 卡波耶拉 1972年[4]
  加拿大 長曲棍球（夏季運動）、冰上曲棍球（冬季運動） 1994年[5]
  智利 智利牛仔騎術（英语：Chilean rodeo） 1962年[6]
  哥伦比亚 特茹（英语：Tejo (sport)） 2000年[7]
  伊朗 伊朗傳統摔角 1976年[8]
  韩国 跆拳道 2018年[9]
  墨西哥 墨西哥牛仔競技（英语：Charrería） 1933年[10]
  菲律賓 卡里艾斯奎瑪武術（英语：Eskrima） 2009年[11]
  波多黎各 巴蘇馬術（英语：Paso Fino） 1966年[12]
  斯里蘭卡 排球 1991年[13]
  乌拉圭 高喬傳統競技 2006年[14]

公認的國技

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國家 體育運動
  阿富汗 布玆卡兹[15]
  安圭拉 競速帆艇（英语：Yacht racing）[16]
  安地卡及巴布達 板球[17]
  巴巴多斯 板球[18]
  百慕大 板球[19]
  不丹 不丹傳統箭術（英语：Archery in Bhutan）[20]
  中华人民共和国 乒乓球
  古巴 棒球[21][22][23]
  多米尼加 棒球[24]
  芬兰 芬蘭棒球[25]
  格瑞那達 板球[26]
  圭亚那 板球[27]
  印度 曲棍球[28][29][30]
  以色列 足球[31]
  爱尔兰 蓋爾式足球[32][33][34]
  牙买加 板球[35]
  日本 相撲/棒球[36]
  拉脫維亞 籃球（夏季運動）、冰上曲棍球（冬季運動）[37]
  立陶宛 籃球[38][39]
  马达加斯加 橄欖球[40][41]
  新西兰 橄欖球[42]
  挪威 越野滑雪[43][44]
  巴基斯坦 曲棍球[45]
  巴布亚新几内亚 聯盟式橄欖球[46][47]
  秘魯 Paleta Frontón[48]
  羅馬尼亞 Oină[49]
  俄羅斯 班迪球[50]
  苏格兰 高爾夫球[51]
  斯洛維尼亞 高山滑雪[52][52]
  中華民國 棒球[53]
  土耳其 摔角[54] & Cirit[55]
  特克斯和凯科斯群岛 板球[56]
  美国 棒球[57][58]
  威尔士 橄欖球[59]

另見

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註解

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 參見「法定的國技」。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 參見「公認的國技」。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Argentina Decree Nº 17468 of 16 September 1953. Federación Argentina de Pato. [16 October 2012]. （原始内容存档于2018年12月26日）. 
  2. ^ Craton, Michael; Gail Saunders. Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People. University of Georgia Press. 1998: 471. ISBN 0-8203-2284-9. 
  3. ^ Banglapedia: Kabadi. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年11月22日）. Ha-du-du was given the name kabadi and the status of National Game in 1972. 
  4. ^ Lowell, John. Ring of Liberation: Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira. University of Chicago Press. 1992: 61. ISBN 0-226-47683-9. 
  5. ^ National Sports of Canada Act S.C. 1994, c. 16 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Justice Laws Website, National Government of Canada
  6. ^ Moreira Recchione, Alberto. La Medialuna: un edificio para Chile. Revista de urbanismo (University of Chile). December 2007, (17) [14 July 2008]. ISSN 0717-5051. （原始内容存档于2009年2月13日） （西班牙语）. A reconocerse, en 1962, el rodeo como deporte nacional y oficial [10 de enero de 1962, oficio N°269 del Consejo Nacional de Deportes y Comité Olímpico de Chile] 
  7. ^ Colombia Law 613 of 4 September 2000. Global Legal Information Network. [14 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2012年2月17日）. 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2013-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-28）. 
  9. ^ Taekwondo designated as South Korea's flagbearing national sport. insidethegames. [20 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14） （英语）. 
  10. ^ La Charrería "Nuestro Deporte Nacional". Mexican Department of Tourism. [14 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2009年2月8日） （西班牙语）. El año de 1933 fue muy importante, ya que el general Abelardo L. Rodríguez, emite un decreto presidencial, dando a la Charrería el título de único Deporte Nacional. 
  11. ^ Republic Act No. 9850: An Act declaring Arnis as the national martial art and sport of the Philippines. [26 June 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-30）. 
  12. ^ Puerto Rico Act 64 of 2000, S.B. 1856 (PDF). Office of Legislative Services of Puerto Rico: 1. 11 April 2000 [14 July 2008]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-26）. In 1966, the Public Parks and Recreation Administration and the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee awarded official recognition of the “paso fino” horse riding sport as the autochthonous sport of Puerto Rico. 
  13. ^ Fernando, Leslie. Sponsors President's Gold Cup tourney: Dialog assures future of VB. Daily News (Sri Lanka). 3 June 2005 [14 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年5月19日）. Way back in 1991 volleyball was declared as the national sport of Sri Lanka but it was only name sake. 
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  15. ^ Buzkashi: The National Game of Afghanis. Embassy of Afghanistan, Canberra. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-19）. 
  16. ^ Boat Racing Season Officially Opens. The Anguillian. 3 March 2007 [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2009年2月8日）. Director of Sports, Alkins Rogers, [...] reported that the Government recognizes boat racing as the national sport of Anguilla and was giving financial resources for its development. 
  17. ^ Antiguans and Barbudans. everyculture.com. [10 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. Cricket, a left-over from the British rule, is the national sport of Antigua and Barbuda. 
  18. ^ Barbados: Sports. Government of Barbados. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2009年11月13日）. The national sport of Barbados is cricket 
  19. ^ Luke, Will. Cricket by association. The Wisden Cricketer. March 2007 [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-21）. Bermuda are one of the few sides who count cricket as a national sport. 
  20. ^ National Symbols. Bhutan Portal. Government of Bhutan. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2010年11月13日）. National Game: The national sport of Bhutan is archery. 
  21. ^ Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto. A Cuban Belle Époque. The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball. Oxford University Press. 1999: 76. ISBN 0-19-514605-0. Baseball is so ingrained in Cuba that it has thrived as the "national sport" through forty years of a bitterly anti-American revolution. 
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  23. ^ Castro, Fidel. Speech at a meeting with Pan American Games delegation members. cuba.cu. 13 August 1999 [24 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. the game that [...] is [...] our national sport [...] I am talking of baseball 
  24. ^ Some facts about the Dominican Republic. Embassy of the Dominican Republic, Washington. [22 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. Baseball is the Dominican Republic’s national sport. 
  25. ^ About Finland: General information: Sports. Embassy of Finland, Washington. 11 June 2007 [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. the national sport, “pesäpallo” 
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  27. ^ Games. Guyana Tourism Authority. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年6月6日）. Cricket lovely Cricket! One cannot miss out on Guyana’s national sport without participating in a game of cricket while in Guyana. 
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  31. ^ Football in Israel. AsiaRooms. 21 February 2011 [24 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-06）. The popularity of Football in Israel is sky-high and is the most popular sport of the nation by a distance. Football in Israel is the unofficial national sport of the nation and developed as an organized sport in the country during the period when the British controlled the administration or was the days of the British Mandate. 
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  35. ^ History of Jamaica. Jamaican Embassy, Washington. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-20）. The legacy of Britain also lives on in Jamaica in many ways [...] the game of cricket is the national sport. 
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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=國技&oldid=84259336”