環口螺科
環口螺科（學名：Cyclophoridae），又名山蝸牛科、旋風蝸牛科[1]或叢螺科[2]，是一個小型到大型的熱帶陸地蝸牛的系統分類科，而且牠們都有螺厣。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，牠們都屬於新進腹足類主扭舌類非正式群組的陸地腹足綱軟體動物；在2017年的《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，牠們的分類層級不變。
环口螺科
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| 琉球本島宜野湾市公園的一隻縮回殼內的活體青山蝸牛（Leptopoma nitidum） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 亚纲： | 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda |
| 目： | 主扭舌目 Architaenioglossa |
| 总科： | 环口螺总科 Cyclophoroidea |
| 科： | 环口螺科 Cyclophoridae Gray, 1847 |
| 亞科 | |
這個包含很多物種的高度多樣性分類單元，現時只包括舊世界和新世界熱帶及亞熱帶的物種。
型態描述 编辑
The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. 其圓形的aperture一般都有修飾：有時會有一個裂口，又或 a constriction. 其最後的whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane. The螺厣is generally circular, which can be retracted deeply into the shell. Its form is multispiral and can be calcified or lacking calcareous overlay. The outer layer of the operculum can contain accessory deposits.
軟體的頭部有一個短短的吻部。 The tentacles are round in cross-section, relatively long and taper to the end. The eyes are located at the base of the antenna on flat papillae. The longitudinal muscular foot is not divided. The mantle cavity acts as a lung cavity.其扭舌型齒舌每列都有七顆舌齒： has seven elements per transverse row. The central row of the radula contains usually five, rarely three or seven teeth.The animals are 雌雄異體.
系統分類與系統學 编辑
2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》採納了Wenz (1938)對當時還是「山蝸牛亞科」的分類方法，將這個亞科分為多個族[4]。 這個分類將35個屬810個物種分配到下列各個亞科中[5]。部分列出如下：
- 带管蜗牛亚科 Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864
- Incertae sedis
- 帶管蝸牛屬 Alycaeus Gray, 1850
- Awalycaeus Kuroda, 1951
- 双边凹螺属 Chamalycaeus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900
- 沟螺属 Dioryx Benson, 1859[6]
- 後帶管蝸牛屬 Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900
- Pincerna Preston, 1907
- Incertae sedis
- 环口螺亚科 Cyclophorinae Gray, 1847
- Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938
- Caspicyclotus Forcart, 1935
- Tribe Cyathopomatini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Cyathopoma Blanford & Blanford, 1861
- Jerdonia Blanford & Blanford, 1861
- Mychopoma Blanford, 1869
- Pseudojerdonia Kobelt, 1902
- 环口螺族 Cyclophorini Gray, 1847
- Afroditropis Bequaert & Clench, 1936
- Craspedotropis W.T. Blanford, 1864
- Crossopoma E. von Martens, 1891
- 环口螺属 Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810
- Cyclosurus Morelet, 1881
- Ditropopsis E.A. Smith, 1897
- Elgonocyclus Verdcourt, 1982
- 東洋蝸牛屬 Japonia A.A. Gould, 1859[7]:43-45[5]
- 兔唇螺属 Lagocheilus W.T. Blanford, 1864
- 青山蜗牛属 Leptopoma L. Pfeiffer, 1847
- Leptopomoides G. Nevill, 1878
- Micraulax Theobald, 1876
- Montanopoma Stanisic, 2010
- Myxostoma Troschel, 1847
- Otopoma Gray, 1850
- Owengriffithsius Emberton, 2002
- Papuocyclus Ancey, 1895
- Pilosphaera Y. C. Lee, K. U. Lue & W. L. Wu, 2008
- Ptychopoma Möllendorff, 1885
- Scabrina W.T. Blanford, 1863
- Theobaldius G. Nevill, 1878
- Tribe Cyclotini Pfeiffer, 1853
- Cyclotus Swainson, 1840
- Opisthoporus Benson, 1851
- Platyrhaphe Möllendorff, 1890
- Tribe Pterocyclini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Millotorbis Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965
- Pterocyclos Benson, 1832
- Rhiostoma Benson, 1860
- Spiraculum Pearson, 1833
- Incertae sedis
- Pholeoteras Sturany, 1904
- Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938
- Incertae sedis
- Incertae sedis
- Ferussina Grateloup, 1827
- Ferussina anomphalus (F.Sandberger, 1871)
- Ferussina anostomaeformis Grateloup, 1827
- Ferussina globosa Dumas, 1876
- Ferussina lapicida Leufroy, 1828
- Ferussina petofiana Páll-Gergely, 2023[8]
- Ferussina praeglobosa (Roman, 1904)
- Ferussina striata (Deshayes, 1828)
- Ferussina tricarinata (M.Braun, 1838)
- Pseudarinia Yen, 1952 †
- Ventriculus Wenz in Fischer & Wenz, 1914+
- Ferussina Grateloup, 1827
- Incertae sedis
- Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940
- Incertae sedis
- Spirostoma Heude, 1885
- Incertae sedis
2020年，带管蜗牛亚科從環口螺科獨立出去，成為了带管蜗牛科，仍屬環口螺總科。
參考文獻 编辑
- ^ 藍子樵. 紙上貝展. 貝友 (中華民國貝類學會). 1999, 25: 61–79 （中文（繁體））.
- ^ 林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2018-10-10] （中文（繁體））.
- ^ Gordon, MS; Olson, EC. Invasions of the Land: The Transitions of Organisms from Aquatic to Terrestrial Life. New York: Columbia University Press. 1995: 312 pp （英语）.
- ^ Wenz, Wilhelm August. Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. Schindewolf O. H. (编). Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger. : xii + 1639 pp. （德语）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Lee, YC; Lue, KY; Wu , WL. Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa. 2008, (1792): 22–38 （英语）.
- ^ 胡自强; 银海强; 陈德牛. 中国沟螺属一新种记述(前鳃亚纲,中腹足目,环口螺科). 《动物分类学报》. 2004, 2004年 (04期) [2020-11-27] （中文（简体））.[失效連結]
- ^ 引证错误：没有为名为
李彥錚2003的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Barna Páll-Gergely, János Magyar, Zoltán Csiki-Sava and Gábor Botfalvai. 2023. Ferussina petofiana sp. n. (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae), the Oldest representative of its subfamily from the Late Cretaceous of Romania. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 69(4) 337-352. DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.4.337.2023
外部連結 编辑
| 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：環口螺科 |
- Kobelt, W. (1909). Cyclophoridae. Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn. The standard reference based on shell morphology.
- Nantarat, N., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Ablett, J., Naggs, F. & Panha, S. (2014). An annotated catalogue of type specimes of the land snail genus Cyclophorus Monfort, 1810 (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys, 411, 1–56.