酪氨酸酶

TYR
識別號
别名	TYR；ATN、CMM8、OCA1、OCA1A、OCAIA、SHEP3、Tyrosinase、tyrosinase
外部ID	OMIM：606933 MGI：98880 HomoloGene：30969 GeneCards：TYR
相關疾病
	老年黃斑變性、黑色素瘤、白癜风
基因本體
分子功能	• metal ion binding; • copper ion binding; • monooxygenase activity; • protein homodimerization activity; • oxidoreductase activity; • protein heterodimerization activity; • 血浆蛋白结合; • 多酚氧化酶; • monophenol monooxygenase activity;
細胞組分	• 細胞質; • integral component of membrane; • 细胞质基质; • 细胞核; • membrane; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm; • 溶酶体; • melanosome membrane; • Golgi-associated vesicle; • 黑色素体; • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle;
生物學過程	• response to UV; • response to cAMP; • 代谢; • melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine; • response to vitamin D; • pigmentation; • thymus development; • oxidation-reduction process; • eye pigment biosynthetic process; • cell proliferation; • 视知觉; • melanin biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多參考（基因）表达數據
直系同源
	7299
	22173
	ENSG00000077498
	ENSMUSG00000004651
	P14679
	P11344
	XM_011542970、NM_000372
	NM_011661、XM_006507577、NM_001317397
	NP_000363、XP_011541272
	NP_001304326、NP_035791、XP_006507640
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

酪氨酸酶（英語：Tyrosinase）是一种氧化酶，且是调控黑色素生成的限速酶。这种酶参与黑色素合成的两个反应：第一步将单酚羟基化为二酚，第二步将邻二酚氧化为邻二醌。邻二醌再经过几步反应后就变为黑色素^[4]。酪氨酸酶是一种含酮的酶，存在于植物与动物组织中，催化生成由酪氨酸氧化而来的黑色素以及其它色素，如使剥皮或切片的马铃薯暴露在空气中变黑^[5]。在皮肤黑素細胞的黑色素体中能发现酪氨酸酶。在人类基因组中，酪氨酸酶由 TYR 基因编码^[6]。

参考文献编辑

^ 與TYR相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ Human PubMed Reference:.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:.
^ Kumar CM, Sathisha UV, Dharmesh S, Rao AG, Singh SA. Interaction of sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) with tyrosinase and its effect on melanin synthesis. Biochimie. Mar 2011, 93 (3): 562–9. PMID 21144881. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.014.
^ Stevens LH, Davelaar E, Kolb RM, Pennings EJ, Smit NP. Tyrosine and cysteine are substrates for blackspot synthesis in potato. Phytochemistry. 1998, 49 (3): 703–707. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00207-6.
^ Barton DE, Kwon BS, Francke U. Human tyrosinase gene, mapped to chromosome 11 (q14----q21), defines second region of homology with mouse chromosome 7. Genomics. Jul 1988, 3 (1): 17–24. PMID 3146546. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90153-X.

外部链接编辑

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 1
MeSH（醫學主題詞）上面的Tyrosinase（美式英语）

[1] 與TYR相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[2] Human PubMed Reference:.

[3] Mouse PubMed Reference:.

[pmid21144881-4] Kumar CM, Sathisha UV, Dharmesh S, Rao AG, Singh SA. Interaction of sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) with tyrosinase and its effect on melanin synthesis. Biochimie. Mar 2011, 93 (3): 562–9. PMID 21144881. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.014.

[5] Stevens LH, Davelaar E, Kolb RM, Pennings EJ, Smit NP. Tyrosine and cysteine are substrates for blackspot synthesis in potato. Phytochemistry. 1998, 49 (3): 703–707. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00207-6.

[pmid3146546-6] Barton DE, Kwon BS, Francke U. Human tyrosinase gene, mapped to chromosome 11 (q14----q21), defines second region of homology with mouse chromosome 7. Genomics. Jul 1988, 3 (1): 17–24. PMID 3146546. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90153-X.

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