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User:Dubeda/沙盒

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Dubeda/沙盒
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主要领导
Chief forcasterZhao Lianda

Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of National Resources (simplified Chinese: 自然资源部海啸预警中心) is an administrative agency to prevent tsunamis in the coastal areas in China. This agency, founded in 2013, is subordinate to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, National Marine Environment Forecasting Center and provides timely information service of Tsunami warning system to the coastal areas in China and the surrounding countries in South China Sea. It is a public institution of financial subsidies and its headquarter is in No 8, Dahui Temple Road, Haiding District, Beijing. The agency has another listing name--South China Sea Tsunami Advisory Center (SCSTAC) of UNESCO/IOC, with an abbreviated form of South China Sea Tsunami Advisory Center (SCSTAC), offering supervising and warning service of tsunami for countries such as China, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. The current director is Yuan Ye[3] and the chief forecaster is Zhao Lianda[4]

Foundation history

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China has three high-risk earthquake and tsunami zones, including Bohai Sea, sea area around Taiwan and South Sea. Most of these sea areas are located in the Ring of Fire and tsunamis are always generated by large earthquakes, imposing potential threats to China coast. In order to deal with this problem, the Intelligence Agency of State Oceanic Administration (SOA), in the early 1970s, had done some relevant researches on tsunami history in the way of combining with earthquake studies. Whereas, since those large earthquakes happened in China, such as 1975 Haicheng earthquake, 1976 Tangshan earthquake and the several large earthquakes occurring in Bohai Sea, hadn't cause any noticeable tsunamis, a saying that there is no destructive earthquake-generated tsunami in China had been spreading in Mainland China.[5] According to Chinese scholars' researches on tsunamis occurring in China and regional tsunami history, however, China is considered to be a country with frequent earthquake-generated tsunamis.[6][7] China is the top country in the world that suffered loss brought by regional tsunamis, particularly those generated by large earthquakes, accounting for one third of the global death number caused by tsunamis. Not all of the large earthquakes can cause tsunamis. Actually, only those submarine earthquakes accompany with strong crustal movements can generate tsunamis and the number of which is the quarter of the total earthquakes happen in Pacific area. This can well explain the low frequency of the earthquake-generated tsunamis in Bohai Sea.[5]

In order to prevent the possible tsunamis in coastal areas, State Oceanic Administration pointed out in 2016 China Marine Disaster Public Report, which was published in January 2016, that the administration was going to strengthen the operation of tsunami warning system as well as the relevant monitoring work, with the aid of building Tsunami monitoring platform and so on.[8] In 2011, Yu Fujiang, the vice director of the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center stated that the tsunami warning system established by China at that time was able to send a warning to the near-sea tsunami within two minutes, and to the far-sea tsunami within 15 minutes. China, however, still hadn't found a tsunami advisory center, and State Oceanic Administration was the only subordinate agency to regulate the tsunami warning works in China.[9] In 2013, Tsunami Advisory Center of SOA was set up in Haiding District, Beijing, which is subordinate to National Marine Environmental Center and is regarded as the landmark of the development of China's tsunami warning technology.[2][10]

In the 24th Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System in 2011, State Oceanic Administration proposed that the countries in South China Sea regions should work together to establish South Sea Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System. In 2012, the Second South China Sea area Regional work group was held in Malaysia. The conference focused on and approved the document of Construction Scheme of South China Sea Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System that proposed and drafted by China. In September 2013, the 25th Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System officially reached an agreement on the establishment of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Committee South China Sea Regional Tsunami Warning Center, on the back-up of the Tsunami Warning Center of SOA and with an abbreviation of South China Sea Regional Tsunami Warning Center, filling the long-term vacuum of Tsunami Warning System in that region.[11][12] On 8th February, 2018, China Sea Regional Tsunami Advisory Center announced its official trail run in offering service, becoming the first international warning center in State Oceanic Administration running around the clock everyday.[13] On 8th May, 2018, the signing and opening ceremony of South China Sea Regional Tsunami Advisory Center of UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Committee was held in Beijing.[14]

On 17th March, 2018, The 13th National People's Congress adopted The 1st Session of 13th NPC's Decision on the Reform Plan of the Ministries of the State Council and approved the Reform Plan of the Ministries of the State Council, deciding to form the Ministry of the Natural Resources and no longer retain the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China、State Oceanic Administration[15][16][17]. In November 2018, Tsunami Warning Center of SOA was renamed with 'Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources'. [18]

Advisory scope and service

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monitor water zone of South China Sea Regional Tsunami Advisory Center of UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Committee

Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of National Resources is able to collect data from all over the world in real time, including data from more than 800 tide-guage stations, 69 tsunami buoys, and 112 minute-level tidal observatories in Chinses coastal area and its surrounding islands.[19] Since Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of National Resources had set up a new system in forecasting tsunami figures in the regions of Pacific Ocean and South China Sea, the figures forecasting process of tsunami for Pacific Ocean, southwestern part of Pacific Ocean and South Sea can be finished within 5 minutes, 1 minute and 30 seconds. This saved more than two third of the time than it cost in 2011, which significantly fulfilled the demand of speedy tsunami warning. [20]

At present, the monitor area of Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of National Resources (South China Sea Regional Tsunami Advisory Center) starts at south Taiwan to the north, ends up at south Singapore to the west, west Philippines to the east and Indonesia to the south, mainly providing service to countries such as China, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. [14][21] The establishment of Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the completion of earthquake and tsunami monitor net and the founding of tsunami warning system as well as tsunami disaster reduction system enhanced people's ability in monitoring, analyzing and predicting the earthquake and tsunami in China and South China Sea areas. Meanwhile, this offers quick information service of tsunami warning to China's coastal area and the countries surrounding South Sea. Furthermore, this not only strengthens the technology research capacity in tsunami monitoring, but also conducts the basic study of tsunami causes and builds intellectual group and running security guarantee work, forming a modern tsunami warning service system with complete service structure, sound institution infrastructure, ample intellectual power and efficient warning system. The tsunami warning and reduction capacity of China and its South Sea areas had been notably enhanced [2]. What is more, the South China Sea Regional Advisory subordinated to Tsunami Advisory Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources aims at lowering the frequency of tsunamis in South China Sea region, offering strong guarantee to the safety for the life and property of people who live in coastal areas worldwide[11].

In May, 2015, State Oceanic Administration published the Contingency Plans for Storm Tides, Sea Waves, Tsunamis and Sea-ice Disasters, which clearly illustrates that the duty for Tsunami Advisory Center of SOA is to analyse and confirm the response level under emergency situation. The other duties of the agency include play a pioneer role in the national marine disaster warning service and issue national marine disaster warnings. Moreover, it needs to provides emergency solutions in terms of marine disaster as well as service consultation for the agents in the Ministry of the State council, the relevant departments of the army and large central enterprises[22].

Reference

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  1. ^ Congratulations on the 50th Anniversory of the Foundation of National Marine Evironment Forcasting Center. China Ocean Net. 2016-11-08 [2018-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-24） （中文（简体））. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 科技日报. The establishement of the Tsunami Advisory Cener of SOA. 中华人民共和国自然资源部. 2013-11-28 [2018-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-02） （中文（简体））. 
  3. ^ 刘诗平. 南中国海区域海啸预警中心开展业务化试运行 为南海周边国家提供地震海啸监测预警服务. 新华网. 北京. 2018-02-08 [2018-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-04） （中文（中国大陆））. 
  4. ^ 国家海洋环境预报中心. 海啸预警二级首席预报员 赵联大. 国家海洋环境预报中心. 北京. [2018-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-03） （中文（中国大陆））. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Yang Huating. Tsunami and Pacific Tsunami Warning System. Marine Forecasting. 1987, S1: 70–78 [2018-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-02） （中文（简体））. 
  6. ^ Lu Renji. The History of Disastrous Sea Tides in China. Ocean Press. 1984 [2018-05-02] （中文（简体））. 
  7. ^ Q. Zhou; W. M. Adams. Tsunamigenic earthquakes in China, 1831 BC to 1980 AD. Science of Tsunami Hazards. 1986: 131–148 [2018-05-02] （英语）. 
  8. ^ Zhou Tingyu; Yang Wenting. State Oceanic Administration: China will enhance the monitor level of tsunami warning.. Disarter Reduction in China. 2007, 2: 3 [2018-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-02） （中文（简体））. 
  9. ^ 马力. 2 minutes for near-sea tsunami warning and 15 minutes for far-sea tsunami. Tencent News. 2011-04-21 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-24） （中文（简体））. 
  10. ^ 人民日报. 国家海洋局成立海啸预警中心. 北京: 网易新闻. 2013-11-29 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17） （中文（简体））. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 中国海洋报. 中国南海海啸预警系统建设稳步推进. 国家海洋局. 2016-05-16 [2018-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-23） （中文（简体））. 
  12. ^ 王明华. 我国牵头建设南中海海啸预警中心. 水资源研究. 2014, 3: 43 [2018-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-02） （中文（简体））. 
  13. ^ 中国青年网. 国家海洋局：南中国海区域海啸预警中心投入业务化试运行. 北京: 网易新闻. 2018-02-08 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17） （中文（简体））. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 南中国海区域海啸预警中心揭牌 为周边国家提供全天候地震海啸监测预警服务. 国家海洋局. 2018-05-09 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17） （中文（简体））. 
  15. ^ 王勇. 关于国务院机构改革方案的说明——2018年3月13日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上. 中国人大网. 2018-03-13. 
  16. ^ 全国人大. 第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议关于国务院机构改革方案的决定. 中国人大网. 2018-03-17 （中文（简体））. 
  17. ^ 全国人大. 国务院机构改革方案. 中国人大网. 2018-03-17 （中文（简体））. 
  18. ^ 自然资源部海啸预警中心. 海啸信息 海啸2018-1126-0757-1. 自然资源部国家海洋环境预报中心（国家海洋预报台）. 北京. [2018-12-01] （中文（中国大陆））. 
  19. ^ 新华社. 国家海洋局：中国南海海啸预警系统建设稳步推进. 新华网. 2016-06-08 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17） （中文（简体））. 
  20. ^ 中国南海海啸预警系统建设稳步推进 为南海岸线筑造“防啸长堤”. 凤凰新闻. 2016-07-18 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17） （中文（简体））. 
  21. ^ 这项关系南海周边安全的任务 今后交由中国负责. 观察者网. 2018-02-09 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-09）. 
  22. ^ 国家海洋局关于印发《风暴潮、海浪、海啸和海冰灾害应急预案》的通知. 国家海洋局. 2015-06-02 [2018-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-26） （中文（简体））. 

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