User:Gary.sempai/美利橋
| 美利橋 | |
|---|---|
 Main street of Murray Bridge | |
  美利橋 | |
| 坐标：35°07′01″S 139°16′01″E / 35.117°S 139.267°E | |
| 国家 |  澳大利亞 |
| 一级行政区 | 南澳大利亚州 |
| 地方政府区域 | Rural City of Murray Bridge |
| 建立 | 1924 |
| 面积[1] (2011 urban) | |
| • 总计 | 97.5 平方公里（37.6 平方英里） |
| 人口（2018）[2] | |
| • 總計 | 18,779人 |
| 时区 | ACST（UTC+9:30） |
| • 夏时制 | ACDT（UTC+10:30） |
| 郵政編碼 | 5253[3] |
| 位置 | 76公里（47英里） （距AdelaideESE） |
| 州選區 | Hammond |
| 聯邦選區 | Barker |
美利橋（英語：Murray Bridge），舊稱 (formerly Mobilong and Edwards Crossing) is a city in the Australian state of South Australia, located 76公里（47英里） east-southeast of the state's capital city, Adelaide, and 77公里（48英里） north of the town of Meningie. The city had an urban population of approximately 18,779 as at June 2018[2] making it the fifth most populous urban area in the state after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Victor Harbor - Goolwa and Whyalla.
The city was originally known as Mobilong and later as Edwards Crossing, before being renamed as Murray Bridge in 1924;[4][5] deriving its name from the road and railway crossings over the Murray River. The city is situated on the Princes Highway, the main road transport link between Adelaide and Melbourne.
The city services a farming area including dairy, pigs, chickens, cereal crops and vegetables (including "stay crisp lettuces").
History 编辑
Murray Bridge is in the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, who refer to Murray Bridge as Pomberuk. The first European explorer was Charles Sturt who camped there on 8 February 1830.
The first road bridge across the lower Murray was known as The Murray Bridge and completed at Edwards's Crossing in 1879.[6] The bridge also became a shared road and rail bridge in 1886 until the separate rail bridge was completed in 1925.[7] The bridge was designed for 1,067毫米（3英尺6英寸）[8] rail track gauge though in actuality, only 1,600毫米（5英尺3英寸） gauge trains ever used it.
The District Council of Mobilong was established in 1884 bringing local government to the township, then known as Mobilong, and the surrounding land within the Hundred of Mobilong. By 1923, the council had absorbed the southern two thirds of the neighbouring Hundred of Burdett across the river, the Hundred of Ettrick further east, and part of the Hundred of Brinkley to the south. The Mobilong township by then had its own ward. The township seceded from Mobilong council in 1924, calling itself the Corporate Town of Murray Bridge, effectively renaming the township.[4] In 1977 the two local councils recombined as the District Council of Murray Bridge.
In 1979 the Swanport Bridge, carrying the South Eastern Freeway across the Murray River was completed 5公里（3英里） downstream, removing most through traffic from the historic Murray Bridge.
In 1993 the local municipal council crossed a population threshold enabling it to be declared a city, the Rural City of Murray Bridge. The bounded locality of Murray Bridge remained the majority population centre and seat of the city council.
Murray Bridge contains a number of heritage-listed sites, including the Murray Bridge Transport Precinct, listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.[9]
Demographics 编辑
As at the 2016 Census, the Murray Bridge area had a population of 20,858. The median age was 41, and 21.7% of the population were born overseas. The median weekly household income was $973 per week, compared with the South Australian average of $1,206 per week.[10]
The urban area that contains and surrounds Murray Bridge had a population of 16,708 as at the 2011年普查.[11] In the 2006年普查, the population was 14,048[12] and at the 2001年普查, the population was 12,998.
In the 2006 Census, 10.4% of the population were born overseas, and 4.5% were Indigenous Australians. The median weekly household income was A$639 per week, compared with $924 in Adelaide. 13.3% of the population identified themselves as Lutheran, while a higher 24.7% identified with no religion.[12]
Sport and recreation 编辑
In 1924 the Murray Bridge rowing team was chosen to represent Australia at the Paris Olympics. The Murray Cods as they were known won the Australian Eight Oared Championships (the King's Cup) and were invited to compete in a test race at Port Adelaide between South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. Although accustomed to rowing over 3 miles, the Murray Cods were able to defeat the other crews on the 1 mile and 420 yards (2 km) course. The story of their fund-raising and exploits in Paris are detailed on the Australian Rowing History website.[13]
Murray Bridge is home to "The Bunyip", a mechanical representation of the legendary water monster, located on Sturt Reserve. Many South Australian children fondly remember their first visit to the Bunyip, putting a coin in the machine and watching the Bunyip emerge from its watery cage complete with shrieking sound effects.
Murray Bridge is also home to the River Murray Football League, which plays Australian rules football. The league consists of the Murray Bridge-based clubs of Ramblers and Imperials and the district teams of Mypolonga, Mannum, Tailem Bend, Jervois and Meningie.
In 2005 the city's golf course, Murray Bridge Golf Club, held the State's premier regional junior team event, the Brett Ogle Cup (named after the Australian Professional golfer Brett Ogle). The home team went undefeated and qualified for the state final, losing narrowly. The team had not previously experienced such success; junior golf in the region has since obtained a higher profile.
Another sporting association in Murray Bridge is the Murray Bridge Amateur Swim Club (The Cods) which competes in meets with other clubs, as well as Country Championships (a large meet for all of the rural South Australian swim clubs) and state and national championships.
Murray Bridge is also the home of the Murray Bridge Racing Club, Murray Bridge & District Table Tennis Association, and holds the 24-hour Australian International Pedal Prix race annually in September. Murray Bridge Lutheran Tennis Club plays hard court tennis on their home courts based at Christian Reserve. Hard court tennis is hosted by various clubs throughout the community, including Jervois, Brinkley, Mannum, Mypolonga and Tailem Bend as well as clubs within the township. Hard court tennis is played on both Friday nights and Saturday mornings. There are both Junior and senior divisions. Friday night tennis offers a social alternative, often offering barbecues and after-game drinks. Lawn tennis is played at Sturt Reserve on Saturday mornings and afternoons from October to February, and is organised by the Murray Bridge Lawn Tennis Association.
Murray Bridge is also known for its basketball, having won numerous State Country Championships and many of its young players going on to represent South Australia in the National Championships.
Murray Bridge is also home to the Murray Bridge Speedway which has been in operation since 1958. Located on the eastern side of the River, the speedway is a 360米（390碼） long dirt track racing venue that caters to both motorcycle speedway and car racing, hosting numerous Australian and South Australian championships during its existence. On 12 November 2011 the speedway hosted its first ever World Championship event when it will host the FIM 2011 World Sidecar Speedway Championship with Murray Bridge's own Jesse Headland winning the title as passenger to NSW based rider Darrin Treloar. Headland was the winner of the 2010 Championship in England with his father Mick Headland.[14]
Climate 编辑
Murray Bridge has a semi-arid climate with warm to hot summers and mild winters, bordering on a Mediterranean climate. The highest recorded temperature of 46.6 °C（115.9 °F） was reached on 28 January 2009 during the early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave–making it one of the hottest temperatures ever recorded in a South Australian metropolitan area.
| Murray Bridge | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 月份 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 全年 |
| 历史最高温 °C（°F） | 46.6 (115.9) |
46.4 (115.5) |
43.7 (110.7) |
39.2 (102.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.9 (87.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
44.2 (111.6) |
44.4 (111.9) |
46.6 (115.9) |
| 平均高温 °C（°F） | 29.1 (84.4) |
29.3 (84.7) |
26.7 (80.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
27.5 (81.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
| 平均低温 °C（°F） | 14.6 (58.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
| 历史最低温 °C（°F） | 5.1 (41.2) |
5.7 (42.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
| 平均降水量 mm（英寸） | 16.4 (0.65) |
18.2 (0.72) |
20.4 (0.80) |
28.8 (1.13) |
34.9 (1.37) |
37.8 (1.49) |
35.2 (1.39) |
37.1 (1.46) |
36.8 (1.45) |
34.0 (1.34) |
25.5 (1.00) |
23.6 (0.93) |
348.5 (13.72) |
| 平均降水天数 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 10.5 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 98.4 |
| 数据来源：[15] | |||||||||||||
Retail 编辑
Most of Murray Bridge's retail and dining facilities are located on and in close proximity to Bridge Street. The majority contained within two main shopping centres, Murray Bridge Green and Murray Bridge Marketplace.
Murray Bridge Green opened in 1976 as a Woolworths supermarket and a small number of additional stores. The centre was extended in 2001 and included a Target Country. A new addition to the original shopping complex was completed in 2015, which included a second (and larger) Coles, and a new Target replacing Target Country, which the site made way for a Cheap as Chips discount store. After 42 years of trading, the Woolworths store closed in May 2018.
A Drakes Supermarket opened in mid-2019 at the former Woolworths supermarket site of Murray Bridge Green shopping centre.[16] Drake's is the seventh supermarket currently operating in Murray Bridge.[17]
Murray Bridge Marketplace was opened in November 2011 and contains the city's second Woolworths supermarket (now only Woolworths after the original store closed), a Big W department store, Priceline, Best & Less, Reject Shop, 45 specialty stores, a food court and the public library with undercover parking for over 900 cars. There was a previous Woolworths store that was located in Bridge Street on the corner of Sixth Street opposite the then Town Hall and Court House. This store opened in either late 1969 or 1970 and was later replaced by the 1976 store at the Murray Bridge Green located on Swamport Road and Standen Street.
Discount supermarket Aldi opened further west from the Murray Bridge CBD, on the corner of Adelaide Road and Thomas Street in late 2018.
Supermarkets in Murray Bridge include a Coles at Murray Bridge Green (the Mannum Rd supermarket closed in 2019), Woolworths at Murray Bridge Marketplace, Josh's IGA Westside on Adelaide Road and IGA Swanport, on Swanport Road. Drake's is the seventh supermarket, which will open mid-2019. The original Woolworths supermarket at Murray Bridge Green was open from 1976 and closed 2018.
Governance 编辑
| Template:Australian Politics Suburb | Template:Australian Politics Suburb |
Murray Bridge is part of the state Electoral district of Hammond, which has been held since 2006 by Liberal MP Adrian Pederick. In federal politics, the city is part of the division of Barker, and has been represented by Liberal MP Tony Pasin since 2013. At local level, Murray Bridge is part of the Rural City of Murray Bridge local government area.
The following bounded localities gazetted in South Australia are considered suburbs of the city of Murray Bridge and are governed by the same city council: Avoca Dell, Gifford Hill, Greenbanks, Long Flat, Mobilong, Monteith, Murray Bridge East, Murray Bridge North, Murray Bridge South, Northern Heights, Riverglades, Riverglen, Sunnyside, Swanport, Toora, White Hill, White Sands, and Willow Banks.
Education 编辑
Local schools include Unity College, Murray Bridge North School, Murray Bridge South Primary School, Fraser Park Primary School, St Joseph's School, Murray Bridge High School and Tyndale Christian College.
Murray Bridge has a small TAFE SA campus, which offers a limited selection of tertiary courses. Flinders University opened a rural medical campus in 2012. This location gives students a rural medical placement.[18]
Media 编辑
Murray Bridge is home to The Murray Valley Standard newspaper, whose first edition was printed and distributed on 23 November 1934. It is now published on Tuesdays and Thursdays.[19] Dozens of other regional newspapers, publications and catalogues are also printed at the former Rural Press facility on Adelaide Road.
A monthly community newspaper, first printed on 19 August 1971, was the Bridge Observer (1971-1976). It was later revived in 1983 under the same title, including an insert called Mannum Mercury (1983-1984), and was briefly known as the combined title of Bridge Mercury (1984).[20][21]
Radio stations 5MU (1125 AM), Power FM (98.7 FM) and River City FM (87.6 FM) are also based at Murray Bridge.
Transport 编辑
Murray Bridge railway station is on the Adelaide to Wolseley railway line, the South Australian part of the Melbourne–Adelaide rail corridor. It is served by Great Southern Rail's twice weekly passenger service The Overland operating between Adelaide Parklands Terminal and Southern Cross railway station in Melbourne.[22]
The Murray Bridge Transport Precinct is a historic area that includes the railway station and wharf area, the original bridge constructed in 1879 and converted for dual road and rail use in 1886. It returned to being only a road bridge in 1925 when a separate rail bridge (also included in the heritage precinct) opened to handle heavier trains. The railway now passes under the road approach to the bridge through the Murray Bridge Tunnel, a short cut-and-cover tunnel built as part of works for the new rail bridge in 1925.[9]
Both bridges cross the Murray River between Murray Bridge and Murray Bridge East. The road bridge was part of the Princes Highway from 1935 until 1979. Murray Bridge is now connected by road to Adelaide via the South Eastern Freeway which leads to a newer crossing of the river further south on the Swanport Bridge built in 1979. State road route B35 connects from the north of the town towards Palmer and the central Adelaide Hills and route B36 leads towards Mannum, other river towns and the Sturt Highway.
Various bus and coach services are provided in Murray Bridge, the primary operator being LinkSA, operating a service to Adelaide via Mount Barker and local 'Dial-A-Ride' service.[23] V/Line operate day and night coaches between Adelaide Central bus station and Melbourne, servicing Murray Bridge.[24]
Murray Bridge Airport is nine kilometres north of the town, but does not have any scheduled services.
The Lavender Federation Trail is a long-distance walking trail (350公里或220英里) that extends from Murray Bridge along the eastern Mount Lofty Ranges to Clare.
Sister cities 编辑
Murray Bridge has two sister cities.
Gallery 编辑
-
Murray Bridge in 1912. -
The Murray Bridge road (left, 1879) and rail (right, 1924) bridges over the Murray River. -
The 1879 road bridge. -
Grandstand at the Murray Bridge Racetrack.
Notable residents 编辑
See also 编辑
References 编辑
- ^ 2011 Census Community Profiles: Murray Bridge. ABS Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. [15 September 2016].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019 [25 October 2019]. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
- ^ Murray Bridge Postcode. Australia Post. Retrieved on 2008-05-29
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Rural City of Murray Bridge. About Murray Bridge. Rural City of Murray Bridge. [28 March 2017].
- ^ NEW TOWN NAMES APPROVED. The Advertiser (Adelaide) (South Australia). 26 July 1940: 10 [5 September 2016] –通过National Library of Australia.
- ^ THE MURRAY BRIDGE.. Adelaide Observer XXXVI (1955) (South Australia). 22 March 1879: 20 [25 December 2016] –通过National Library of Australia.
- ^ The Road Bridge over the River Murray at Murray Bridge Thompson, M.H. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September 1976 pp189-196
- ^ 05 Feb 1919 - RAILWAY AFFAIRS. MURRAY LANDS. Trove.nla.gov.au (1919-02-05). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Summary of State Heritage Place (PDF). South Australian Heritage Register. South Australian Heritage Council. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于9 April 2016）. 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - ^ 2016 Census QuickStats: Murray Bridge (RC). Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. Murray Bridge (SUA). 2011 Census QuickStats. 31 October 2012 [15 October 2013].
- ^ 12.0 12.1 澳大利亚统计局. Murray Bridge (Urban Centre/Locality). 2006 Census QuickStats. 2007-10-25 [15 March 2010].
- ^ History of Murray Bridge Rowing Club—The Murray Cods. Andrew Guerin. [25 August 2015].
- ^ http://www.murraybridge.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=417&c=12322 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期24 May 2011.
- ^ Climate statistics for Murray Bridge. Bureau of Meteorology. [17 August 2011].
- ^ Zirkel, Emma. Grass is greener on the other side for food retailer. The Murray Valley Standard. 2018-08-28 [2019-08-25] （英语）. 参数
|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助) - ^ Strathearn, Peri. Drakes Supermarket opens in Murray Bridge. The Murray Valley Standard. 15 April 2019 [25 August 2019].
- ^ Hills Mallee Fleurieu & Kangaroo Island. www.flinders.edu.au. [2019-04-02] （英语）.
- ^ Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
- ^ Laube, Anthony. LibGuides: SA Newspapers: A-B. guides.slsa.sa.gov.au. [2018-08-28] （英语）.
- ^ SA Memory. Bridge Observer. www.samemory.sa.gov.au. [2018-08-28].
- ^ The Overland Timetables 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期22 January 2015. Great Southern Rail
- ^ Link SA. linksa.com.au. [2017-04-23].
- ^ V/Line - Regional public transport for Victoria - Timetable list. www.vline.com.au. [2017-04-23].
- ^ City of Laredo Sister Cities International. 24 April 2017.
- ^ Sister Cities International Interactive City Directory - Murray Bridge, Australia Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ Sister Cities Australia Inc. Directory of Affiliations, 2016 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
External links 编辑
- Rural City of Murray Bridge
- Australian Bureau of Statistics - Murray Bridge
- Big Stories, Small Towns Online documentary featuring video, digital stories and photo essays about Murray Bridge
- The Murray Valley Standard - local news
Template:South Australia Template:Rural City of Murray Bridge localities