User:JuneAugust/List of rocket launch sites
This article constitutes a list of rocket launch sites. Some of these sites are known as spaceports or cosmodromes. A single rocket launch is sufficient for inclusion in the table, as long as the site is properly documented through a reference. Missile locations with no launches are not included in the list. Proposed and planned sites and sites under construction are not included in the main tabulation, but may appear in condensed lists under the tables.
A shorter list of spaceports for human spaceflight and satellite launches is available in the article Spaceport.
列表说明 编辑
排序 编辑
- 营运日期;
- Countries in alphabetical order within a table;
- 同一个国家内的发射地点按照运行开始时间顺序排序。
Column specification 编辑
- Country – territory of the site (the organisation responsible for the launches may reside elsewhere, as indicated in the notes column;
- Location – Name of launch site (sometimes also province etc.)
- Coordinates – geographical coordinates
- Operational date – the period of years of launch activities
- Number of rocket launches – the total number of launches, including failed launches
- Heaviest rocket launched – total mass at lift-off
- Highest achieved altitude – height in km above launch site
- Notes – comments
非洲 编辑
亚洲 编辑
注意，俄罗斯的一些人造卫星发射基地出现在这一节，另一些在欧洲部分。
Proposed or planned spaceports and rocket launch sites in Asia 编辑
- Morotai spaceport, Indonesia
- Kulasekarapattinam spaceport, Tamil Nadu, India.[33]
- Changi spaceport, Singapore
欧洲 编辑
Note that some European countries operate spaceports in Africa, South America, or other equatorial regions. These spaceports are listed in this article according to their geographical location. Some Russian-controlled launch sites are listed as being in Asia.
Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the section Asia
在欧洲提案的或计划中的太空港 编辑
- Spaceport Sweden, Kiruna[40]
北美 编辑
| 国家 | 名称 位置 |
坐标 | 运作时间 | 火箭发射数量 | 最大发射载重 | 最大发射高度 | 注解 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Fort Churchill, Manitoba | 58°44′03″N 93°49′13″W / 58.73430°N 93.82030°W | 1954–1985 | >3500 | Canadian Army.[41] | ||
| Canada | Resolute Bay, Nunavut | 74°41′13″N 94°53′46″W / 74.6870°N 94.8962°W | 1966–1971 | 17 | National Research Council Canada.[42] | ||
| Canada | Hall Beach | 68°46′34″N 81°14′36″W / 68.77607°N 81.24346°W | 1971–1971 | 7 | 270 km | ||
| Canada | Southend | 56°20′N 103°14′W / 56.333°N 103.233°W | 1980–1980 | 2 | 1 200 kg | ||
| Greenland (Denmark) | Thule Air Base | 76°25′26″N 68°17′37″W / 76.4240°N 68.2936°W | 1964–1980 | US Air Force[43] | |||
| United States | Wallops Flight Facility, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia | 37°50′46″N 75°28′46″W / 37.84621°N 75.47938°W | 1945– | Now operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center[44] | |||
| United States | White Sands Missile Range | 32°33′53″N 106°21′33″W / 32.56460°N 106.35908°W | 1946– | >7000 | Military and civilian flights. Served as alternate landing site for the space shuttle.[45] | ||
| United States | Nevada Test and Training Range (formerly Nellis Air Force Range) | 36°46′17″N 116°06′49″W / 36.77150°N 116.11374°W | 1950s–[來源請求] | [46] | |||
| United States | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida | 28°28′00″N 80°33′31″W / 28.46675°N 80.55852°W | 1956– | Interplanetary | Commercial and U.S. Government unmanned missions. | ||
| United States | 范登堡空軍基地 | 34°46′19″N 120°36′04″W / 34.77204°N 120.60124°W | 1958– | Orbital | Satellites, ballistic missile tests. Government and commercial launches.[47] | ||
| United States | 肯尼迪航天中心 | 28°36′30″N 80°36′14″W / 28.6082°N 80.6040°W | 1963– | 151 | 3 000 000 kg | Lunar | Launched each NASA manned mission. Adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. |
| United States | Pacific Missile Range Facility | 22°01′22″N 159°47′06″W / 22.02278°N 159.78500°W | 1963– | testing of antiballistic missile and missile tracking by the US Navy. | |||
| United States | Keweenaw, Michigan | 47°25′47″N 87°42′52″W / 47.42980°N 87.71443°W | 1964–1971[來源請求] | >50 | 770 kg | <160 km | Currently inactive |
| United States | Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska | 57°26′07″N 152°20′22″W / 57.43533°N 152.33931°W | 1991– | 14 | 86 000 kg | Orbital | Ballistic missile interceptor tests, satellite launches. Alaska Aerospace Corporation.[48] |
| United States | Mojave Air and Space Port, California | 35°03′33″N 118°08′56″W / 35.05910°N 118.14880°W | 2004– | 112 km | Privately-funded spaceflights (SpaceShipOne, SpaceShipTwo). | ||
| United States | Spaceport America (formerly Southwest Regional Spaceport), Upham, New Mexico | 32°53′22″N 106°59′58″W / 32.88943°N 106.99945°W | 2006– | 8 | Sub-orbital commercial and planned space tourist launches. Joint venture between state of New Mexico and Virgin Galactic.[49][50] | ||
| United States | Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) | 37°50′00″N 75°29′00″W / 37.833378°N 75.483284°W | 2006– | 6 | 89 805 kg | Lunar | Operates in partnership with NASA, adjacent to the Wallops Flight Facility site. Designed for both commercial and government launches.[51] |
北美额外的火箭发射场 编辑
Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.
在北美提案的或计划中的太空港 编辑
- Maritime Launch Services, Canso, Nova Scotia[52][53]
- Cape Breton Spaceport (aka Cape Breton Space Center), Nova Scotia,[54]
- Cape Rich, LFCATC Meaford, Ontario[55]
- Oklahoma Spaceport, Burns Flat,[56][57]
- Spaceport Canada, near Fort Churchill, Manitoba, 58°44′03″N 93°49′13″W / 58.73430°N 93.82030°W
- SpaceX South Texas Launch Site, Brownsville, Texas, 25°59′46″N 97°09′14″W / 25.996°N 97.154°W
南美 编辑
大洋洲 编辑
| 国家 | 名称 位置 |
坐标 | 运作时间 | 火箭发射数量 | 最大发射载重 | 最大发射高度 | 注解 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Woomera Test Range | 30°57′31″S 136°30′13″E / 30.95875°S 136.50366°E | 1950s– | 28 000 kg | Orbital | British/Australian government research facility. Missile testing, 2 satellite launches. | |
| Australia | Carnarvon | 24°29′08″S 113°24′31″E / 24.48564°S 113.40866°E | 1964–1965 | 12 | 120 km | ||
| Australia | Lancelin | 30°58′59″S 115°19′04″E / 30.98309°S 115.31774°E | 1974–1974 | 2 | During a total solar eclipse | ||
| Marshall Islands | Reagan Test Site, Omelek Island, Kwajalein Atoll | 9°02′53″N 167°44′35″E / 9.048167°N 167.743083°E | 1950s- | 39 000 kg | Orbital | US-controlled ICBM base converted for satellites. SpaceX Falcon 1. Close to the equator. | |
| New Zealand | Birdling's Flat | 43°49′01″S 172°40′59″E / 43.81700°S 172.68300°E | Formerly proposed launch site for Rocket Lab, never developed. | ||||
| New Zealand | Mahia | 39°15′38″S 177°51′52″E / 39.26044°S 177.86431°E | 2017– | 1 | 10 500 kg | 250 km | Only test flight failed to reach it's intended orbit. |
Proposed or planned spaceports in Oceania 编辑
- Cape York (Australia, 12°15′00″S 143°06′00″E / 12.25000°S 143.10000°E), Proposed site for Russian Zenit launches.[58][59]
- Christmas Island, planned by Australia[60] and Japan[61]
海上发射平台 编辑
| 国家 | 名称 位置 |
坐标 | 运作时间 | 火箭发射数量 | 最大发射载重 | 最大发射高度 | 注解 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocean Odyssey complex | Mobile | 1999– | 30 | 462 000 kg | Orbital | Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Sea Launch. Uses a converted oil platform that plies between Long Beach, California, where a Zenit-3SL rocket is collected, and the equator, where the rocket is launched. | |
| Russian Delta class submarines | Mobile | 1998– | 2 | 30 000 kg | Orbital | Launch of unmanned satellites into Earth orbit via converted SLBM missile Shtil from the Barents Sea. | |
| Denmark | MLP Sputnik | 55°02′57″N 15°36′11″E / 55.04917°N 15.60306°E | 2010– | 4 | 1 630 kg | 8.2 km | Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Copenhagen Suborbitals. |
在海洋和南极的火箭发射场 编辑
Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.
另见 编辑
- Launch pad
- Spaceport, including lists of spaceports that have achieved satellite launches and launches of humans
参考 编辑
- ^ Hammaguira. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Kapani Tonneo. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Jabal Hamzah. Encyclopedia Astronautica. [25 October 2014].
- ^ Egypt - Missile. NTI. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. [25 October 2014].
- ^ San Marco. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Tawiwa. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Overberg. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2013）.
- ^ Jiuquan. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Taiyuan. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ "嫦娥一号"发射时间确定 但未到公布时机. XINHUA Online. July 7, 2007 [August 2, 2007]. （原始内容存档于March 15, 2012）.
- ^ Xichang. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于29 January 2005）.
- ^ Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO
- ^ Sriharikota. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Qom. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2016）.
- ^ Emamshahr. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2013）.
- ^ Al Anbar. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2013）.
- ^ Palmachim. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Kagoshima. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Tanegashima. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Baikonur. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Musudan. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2013）.
- ^ Sohae Satellite Launching Station : Facilities. Nti.org. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Goheung. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kooburra.htm
- ^ Missile Facilities – Flight Test Range, Sonmiani Beach, NTI互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-09-23.
- ^ Sonmiani. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于24 August 2015）.
- ^ Pike, John. Tilla Jogian / Malute [Malot] - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities. Globalsecurity.org. [11 August 2017].
- ^ India & Pakistan Ballistic Missile Tests. Acronym.org.uk. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Svobodniy. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Dombarovsky. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于16 December 2013）.
- ^ Archived copy. [2010-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-10）.
- ^ First rocket launch from Russia's Far Eastern Vostochny spaceport. [11 August 2017].
- ^ ISRO plan more launches, Rediff, January 05, 2014
- ^ Andoya. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2013）.
- ^ Kapustin Yar – astronautix.com
- ^ sv:Nausta
- ^ 37.0 37.1 Kiruna. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Hill, C N. A Vertical Empire, History of the British Rocketry Programme – 2nd Edition. World Scientific. 2011. ISBN 978-1-84816-796-4.
- ^ Hebrides rocket launch: The space milestone we almost missed. BBC Scotland News. 3 February 2016 [20 February 2017].
- ^ SSC - Swedish Space Corporation - SSC. Ssc.se. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Fort Churchill. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于14 February 2005）.
- ^ Resolute Bay. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Thule AFB. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Black, Patrick. About Wallops. 20 April 2015 [11 August 2017].
- ^ White Sands, Astronautix
- ^ Nevada Test Site. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Vandenberg –. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Kodiak Launch Complex互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-06-07., AADC
- ^ Spaceport America - The world's invitation to space. Spaceportamerica.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Spaceport America. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于27 March 2009）.
- ^ Welcome to Virginia Space. Marsspaceport.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ T-minus 1 year until rocket launch site construction starts in Nova Scotia – Nova Scotia – CBC News. CBC.ca. [2017-03-16].
- ^ It is rocket science: New details revealed about proposed space port in Nova Scotia. CBC.ca. 2017-04-11 [2017-06-22].
- ^ PlanetSpace still plans to blast-off from Cape Breton, chairman says, CBC News, February 21, 2008
- ^ Rocketeers pick Canadian launch site, MSNBC, June 2, 2005
- ^ Oklahoma Spaceport website
- ^ Spaceport Oklahoma Licensed by FAA, SpecRef.com, October 15, 2001
- ^ Spaceports Around the World: Australia's Woomera and Weipa Spaceports, spacetoday.org
- ^ Cape York. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ Christmas Island. Astronautix.com. [11 August 2017].
- ^ High Speed Flight Demonstration project (HSFD), JAXA
外部链接 编辑
- Overview of rocket launch sites worldwide – astronautix.com
- Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral – nasa.gov
- Description and map of Cape Canaveral – astronautix.com
- Missile Range Tool – Carlos Labs
- Baikonur – russianspaceweb.com
- Description and map of Baikonur – astronautix.com
- Description and map of Kourou – astronautix.com
- Rocket launch site Kiruna – astronautix.com
- Homepage of Esrange – ssc.se
- Rocket launch site Salto di Quirra – astronautix.com
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||