床虫Bed bugs),又称床虱,是臭虫属学名Cimex)物种的通称,是寄生性昆虫吸取动物的血液为其唯一的觅食方式。温带臭虫是本属中最为人所知的物种,吸食人类的血液为生,其他物种则会吸食其他动物的血液,各物种常以某一类动物为主要宿主,例如Cimex adjunctus英语Cimex adjunctus主要寄生于蝙蝠。床虫常出现于温暖的住家中,特别是床上与其他用以睡眠的区域,其族群建立后就很难清除[1]。它们多在夜间活跃,但不完全是夜行性,其吸血时通常不会被人发觉[2][3]。床虫的叮咬常会造成起过敏失眠与精神困扰为主[4],但不会传播严重的传染病。人类对于床虫的认识已有千年之久[1],1940年代早期,床虫几乎在发达国家中被扑灭,但1995年起又再次大量增加,近年来呈增加趋势[5],可能是因对杀虫剂产生抗药性英语Pesticide resistance、部分杀虫剂被各国禁用、以及跨国旅行日益普遍所致[6][7]

床虱
温带臭虫
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 半翅目 Hemiptera
科: 臭虫科 Cimicidae
属: 臭虫属 Cimex
物种

下属物种

编辑

本属包括以下物种:

参见

编辑

文献

编辑
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Jerome Goddard; Richard deShazo. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009, 301 (13): 1358–1366 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. (原始内容存档于2010-09-18). Pest control and eradication is challenging due to insecticide resistance, lack of effective products, and health concerns about spraying mattresses with pesticides. 
  2. ^ Goddard, J; deShazo, R. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1 April 2009, 301 (13): 1358–66. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. 
  3. ^ Reinhardt, Klaus; Siva-Jothy, Michael T. Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae) (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. Jan 2007, 52: 351–374 [26 May 2010]. PMID 16968204. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于5 July 2010). 
  4. ^ Doggett SL, Russell R. Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know. Aust Fam Physician. November 2009, 38 (11): 880–4. PMID 19893834. 
  5. ^ Kolb, Adam; Needham, Glen R.; Neyman, Kimberly M.; High, Whitney A. Bedbugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2009, 22 (4): 347–52 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19580578. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x. (原始内容存档于2017-10-05). 
  6. ^ Kilpenen, O.; Vagn Jensen, K-M.; Kristensen, M. Bed Bug Problems in Denmark, with a European Perspective (PDF): 395–399. [27 May 2010]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于11 November 2011). 
  7. ^ Robinson, WH; Bajomi, D. (eds). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests. Hungary: OOK-Press Kft. 2008. 
  8. ^ H.R. Bhat , M.A. Sreenivasan & M.A. Ilkal (1973) Cimex usingeri, sp. nov. (hemiptera: cimicidae) from a colony of rhinolophus rouxi temminck, 1835 (chiroptera: rhinolophidae) in India, Oriental Insects, 7:1, 79-82, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1973.10434206