细菌微区室(英语:Bacterial microcompartment,BMC)是细菌中一种类胞器的结构,为多种蛋白质组成的复合体[2][3][4][5][6],由外层的结构蛋白包裹内部的酵素,外型呈正二十面体或近似正二十面体,直径一般介于40至200奈米之间。微区室外层的结构蛋白有类似膜的功能,将内外物质分隔,并可选择性地让部分物质进出[4][7][8]

细菌微区室的结构示意图
化学自营细菌Halothiobacillus neapolitanus的羧酶体(电子显微镜图像),比例尺为100奈米[1]

羧酶体为最早被发现的细菌微区室,可促进固碳作用的微区室,内含RuBisCO碳酸酐酶两种酵素,此微区室是1950年代研究人员使用电子显微镜观察蓝菌时发现[9],并于1973年被命名[10]。1990年代以前仅知自营细菌具有微区室,随后渐在多种异营细菌中发现参与其他代谢作用的微区室,通称为代谢体(metabolosome)[11][12]。不同种类的细菌微区室中的酵素不同,但外壳结构蛋白相似,一般构成蛋白六聚体(或拟六聚体)后再组成二十面体的外壳。

细菌微区室的功能示意图:(A)自营细菌的羧酶体;(B)异营细菌的代谢体[13]

参见

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参考文献

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