关怀与定规
关怀与定规（英语：Consideration and Initiating Structure）是1945年由俄亥俄州立大学领导力研究确定的领导者行为的两种维度。根据这些研究的结果，领导者表现出关怀与定规（或称倡导、结构）两种类型的行为来促进目标的实现。
俄亥俄州立大学领导力研究 编辑
领导行为描述量表（LBDQ） 编辑
他们生成了1790种语句的清单，并缩小到150种陈述，皆在衡量领导者行为的9种不同维度，这些陈述被用来制定领导行为描述量表（Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire，LBDQ）。而经过进一步研究，开发出了LBDQ-XII，评估了领导者行为的12种维度[1]。
参考资料 编辑
- ^ Stogdill, Ralph M. Manual for the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire – Form XII: An Experimental Revision (PDF). Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University. 1963. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）.
- Bass, Bernard M.; Stogdill, Ralph M. Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: theory, research, and managerial applications 3rd. New York: Free Press. 1990. ISBN 9780029015001.
- Farahbakhsh, Saeid. Leadership in Educational Administration: Concepts, Theories and Perspectives. Academic Leadership (Fort Hays State University). 2006, 4 (1) [2023-01-23]. ISSN 1533-7812. （原始内容存档于2023-06-18）.
- Judge, Timothy A.; Piccolo, Ronald F.; Ilies, Remus. The Forgotten Ones? The Validity of Consideration and Initiating Structure in Leadership Research.. Journal of Applied Psychology (American Psychological Association). 2004, 89 (1): 36–51. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.36.
- Frederick Littrell, Romie. Explicit leader behaviour: A review of literature, theory development, and research project results. Journal of Management Development (Emerald Publishing). June 2013, 32 (6): 567–605. ISSN 0262-1711. doi:10.1108/JMD-04-2013-0053.
- Tracy, Lane. Consideration and initiating structure: Are they basic dimensions of leader behavior?. Social Behavior and Personality. 1987, 15 (1): 21–33. doi:10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.21.