高浓度血小板血浆
高浓度血小板血浆(英语:Platelet-rich plasma)(PRP),又称富血小板血浆,是取全血经离心移除红血球,成为富含血小板的血浆蛋白浓缩液。截至2016年,支持其益处的证据很少[1][2]。截至2019年,(在美国)每次注射的费用通常为500至2,000美元[3]。
高浓度血小板血浆 | |
---|---|
MeSH | D053657 |
医学用途
编辑高浓度血小板血浆已用在慢性肌腱炎[4]、骨关节炎[5]、或口腔颌面外科[6]和整形外科[7]研究治疗的领域中,但截至2016年,支持其益处的证据很少[1][2]。
研究未发现高浓度血小板血浆能有效治疗旋转袖疾病[8]。初步证据支持其可用于膝骨关节炎[9][10]。
2009年的综述文章表示少有随机对照试验能充分评估高浓度血小板血浆治疗的安全性和有效性,其结论认为高浓度血小板血浆用于关节、肌腱、韧带、肌肉等损伤是一种有潜力但尚未得到证实的治疗选择[11]。与其他免手术骨科疾病的保守治疗(例如足底筋膜炎的类固醇注射)相比,研究证据不支持高浓度血小板血浆作为保守治疗[12]。2018年的综述发现高浓度血小板血浆仍缺乏证据能有效治疗跟腱病变[13]。
2010年考科蓝综述未发现高浓度血小板血浆能有益于植牙过程的鼻窦增高术[6]。2013年的综述指出需要更多证据才能确认高浓度血小板血浆对毛发再生是否有效[14]。
2014年考科蓝综述表示舒缓肌肉骨骼损伤短期疼痛的证据非常薄弱,对短期、中期、长期的身体功能均无助益。有薄弱的证据显示比对已治疗和未治疗的病患,高浓度血小板血浆治疗造成伤害的发生率低[2]。2017年的综述探讨治疗皮肤移植捐赠部位的疼痛,证据显示获益不佳[15]。
研究未显示高浓度血小板血浆有益于骨骼愈合[16]。2016年的综述回顾其应用于骨移植,发现只有一篇报告有骨质增大效果,但有四篇研究发现没有差异[17]。
一种名为“性高潮射击”(英语:Orgasm shot)的作法将高浓度血小板血浆注射于阴道,声称可改善性高潮[18],但没有证据支持这些主张[18][19]。
不良反应
编辑迄今为止尚无可靠文献证明有与高浓度血小板血浆治疗相关的不良反应,这可能是因为研究方法不良和不一致[20]。2019年加拿大卫生部表示大多数自体细胞疗法缺乏证据支持其有效,并且可能带来风险,比如如果设备未妥善消毒,可引起人与人的交叉感染或潜在危险的免疫反应[21],他们正设法停止加拿大诊所提供这类服务[22]。
成分
编辑根据白血球和纤维蛋白含量的不同,制备的高浓度血小板血浆一般分为四类:高浓度白血球血小板血浆(L-PRP)、减白血球高浓度血小板血浆(P-PRP)、高浓度白血球血小板纤维蛋白、纯高浓度血小板纤维蛋白[23][24]。
生长因子对各种损伤的疗效与高浓度血小板血浆的生长因子浓度是高浓度血小板血浆能否用于组织修复的理论基础[25]。添加凝血酶和氯化钙可活化中收集到的血小板,从而使血小板α颗粒释放生长因子。高浓度血小板血浆含有下列生长因子和细胞激素[25][26]:
制作
编辑高浓度血小板血浆的制作是先从人体取血,再经两阶段离心,以便将高浓度血小板血浆分离出来,留下红血球与其他血浆。通常是由提供治疗的诊所使用商业套件和设备来完成[27]。制品品质因病人而异,也因设备而异,因此不易研究确认其作为特定用途时的安全性和有效性[27][28]。
-
从病人身上抽血
-
双重离心后取出高浓度血小板血浆
-
以超音波导引将高浓度血小板血浆注入患处
社会与文化
编辑在美国,高浓度血小板血浆治疗的自付费用开价1000美元,因为健康保险通常不给付[29]。由于运动员的使用,高浓度血小板血浆已引起大众媒体关注[30][31][32][29]。美国食品药品监督管理局未认可在办公室环境(非运动环境)使用高浓度血小板血浆[33]。
2010年代在名人代言推动下,以“吸血鬼面部调理”为名销售具有争议的美容方式,著重使用高浓度血小板血浆,通常(但不必然)采用微针胶原蛋白导入治疗。[34][35]
体育禁药
编辑高浓度血小板血浆治疗是否违反体育禁药规定,早期曾有疑虑[25]。2010年尚不清楚局部注射高浓度血小板血浆是否会对血液循环中的细胞激素浓度产生影响,因而影响禁药检测,以及是否具有全身性同化作用或影响体育表现[25]。2011年1月世界反运动禁药机构确认缺乏证据显示其能增进体育表现,故取消肌肉注射高浓度血小板血浆的禁令[36]。
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Review of the Evidence Behind Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy. Rheumatology Advisor. 2016-05-01 [2019-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Moraes VY, Lenza M, Tamaoki MJ, Faloppa F, Belloti JC. Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. April 2014, 29 (4): CD010071. PMC 6464921 . PMID 24782334. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010071.pub3.
- ^ Platelet-Rich Plasma is Profitable, But How Well Does It Work?. American Council on Science and Health. 2019-02-12 [2019-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-30) (英语).
- ^ Mishra A, Woodall J, Vieira A. Treatment of tendon and muscle using platelet-rich plasma. Clinics in Sports Medicine. January 2009, 28 (1): 113–25. PMID 19064169. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2008.08.007.
- ^ Andia I, Sánchez M, Maffulli N. Joint pathology and platelet-rich plasma therapies. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. January 2012, 12 (1): 7–22. PMID 22171664. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.632765.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Rees J, Karasoulos D, Felice P, Alissa R, Worthington H, Coulthard P. Effectiveness of sinus lift procedures for dental implant rehabilitation: a Cochrane systematic review. European Journal of Oral Implantology. Spring 2010, 3 (1): 7–26. PMID 20467595.
- ^ Por YC, Shi L, Samuel M, Song C, Yeow VK. Use of tissue sealants in face-lifts: a metaanalysis. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. May 2009, 33 (3): 336–9. PMID 19089492. doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9280-1.
- ^ Hurley, ET; Hannon, CP; Pauzenberger, L; Fat, DL; Moran, CJ; Mullett, H. Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. May 2019, 35 (5): 1584–1591. PMID 31000394. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.115.
- ^ Dai WL, Zhou AG, Zhang H, Zhang J. Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy. March 2017, 33 (3): 659–670.e1. PMID 28012636. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2016.09.024.
- ^ Shen L, Yuan T, Chen S, Xie X, Zhang C. The temporal effect of platelet-rich plasma on pain and physical function in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. January 2017, 12 (1): 16. PMC 5260061 . PMID 28115016. doi:10.1186/s13018-017-0521-3.
- ^ Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA. Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical applications. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. November 2009, 37 (11): 2259–72. PMID 19875361. doi:10.1177/0363546509349921.
- ^ Franchini M, Cruciani M, Mengoli C, Marano G, Pupella S, Veropalumbo E, Masiello F, Pati I, Vaglio S, Liumbruno GM. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma as conservative treatment in orthopaedics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione del Sangue. November 2018, 16 (6): 502–513. PMC 6214820 . PMID 30201082. doi:10.2450/2018.0111-18.
- ^ Zhang, YJ; Xu, SZ; Gu, PC; Du, JY; Cai, YZ; Zhang, C; Lin, XJ. Is Platelet-rich Plasma Injection Effective for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Meta-analysis.. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. August 2018, 476 (8): 1633–1641. PMC 6259774 . PMID 29601383. doi:10.1007/s11999.0000000000000258.
- ^ Valente Duarte de Sousa IC, Tosti A. New investigational drugs for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. May 2013, 22 (5): 573–89. PMID 23550739. doi:10.1517/13543784.2013.784743.
- ^ Sinha S, Schreiner AJ, Biernaskie J, Nickerson D, Gabriel VA. Treating pain on skin graft donor sites: Review and clinical recommendations. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. November 2017, 83 (5): 954–964. PMID 28598907. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001615.
- ^ Griffin XL, Smith CM, Costa ML. The clinical use of platelet-rich plasma in the promotion of bone healing: a systematic review. Injury. February 2009, 40 (2): 158–62. PMID 19084836. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.025.
- ^ Pocaterra A, Caruso S, Bernardi S, Scagnoli L, Continenza MA, Gatto R. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunctive material to bone graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. August 2016, 45 (8): 1027–34. PMID 26987695. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2016.02.012.
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Osborne, Hannah. Injecting blood plasma into your clitoris for $2,500 won't give you with better orgasms. International Business Times UK. 8 July 2016 [1 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20) (英语).
- ^ Goodman, Michael P. Female Genital Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery. John Wiley & Sons. 2016: PT391. ISBN 9781118848487 (英语).
There is presently no information in peer reviewed literature.
- ^ Frautschi RS, Hashem AM, Halasa B, Cakmakoglu C, Zins JE. Current Evidence for Clinical Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma in Aesthetic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. March 2017, 37 (3): 353–362. PMID 28207031. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw178.
- ^ Canada, Health. Health Canada Policy Position Paper – Autologous Cell Therapy Products. aem. 2019-05-15 [2019-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-13).
- ^ Health Canada orders halt to unproven stem cell-based injection treatments. [2019-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-09).
- ^ Pavlovic V, Ciric M, Jovanovic V, Stojanovic P. Platelet Rich Plasma: a short overview of certain bioactive components. Open Medicine. 2016, 11 (1): 242–247. PMC 5329835 . PMID 28352802. doi:10.1515/med-2016-0048.
- ^ Bielecki T, Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Everts PA, Wiczkowski A. The role of leukocytes from L-PRP/L-PRF in wound healing and immune defense: new perspectives. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. June 2012, 13 (7): 1153–62. PMID 21740376. doi:10.2174/138920112800624373.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Borrione P, Gianfrancesco AD, Pereira MT, Pigozzi F. Platelet-rich plasma in muscle healing. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. October 2010, 89 (10): 854–61. PMID 20855985. doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181f1c1c7.
- ^ Yu W, Wang J, Yin J. Platelet-rich plasma: a promising product for treatment of peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The International Journal of Neuroscience. April 2011, 121 (4): 176–80. PMID 21244302. doi:10.3109/00207454.2010.544432.
- ^ 27.0 27.1 Dhurat R, Sukesh M. Principles and Methods of Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Review and Author's Perspective. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 2014, 7 (4): 189–97. PMC 4338460 . PMID 25722595. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.150734.
- ^ Kanchanatawan W, Arirachakaran A, Chaijenkij K, Prasathaporn N, Boonard M, Piyapittayanun P, Kongtharvonskul J. Short-term outcomes of platelet-rich plasma injection for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. May 2016, 24 (5): 1665–77. PMID 26387122. doi:10.1007/s00167-015-3784-4.
- ^ 29.0 29.1 Kolata G. Popular Blood Therapy May Not Work. New York Times. 2010-01-12. (原始内容存档于2018-04-01).
- ^ Schwarz A. A Promising Treatment for Athletes, in Blood. New York Times (New York). 2009-02-16. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10).
- ^ Reynolds G. Phys Ed: Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Really Work?. New York Times. 2011-01-26. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10).
- ^ Storrs C. Is Platelet-Rich Plasma an Effective Healing Therapy?. Scientific American. 2009-12-18 [2019-12-25]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-13).
- ^ Beitzel K, Allen D, Apostolakos J, Russell RP, McCarthy MB, Gallo GJ, Cote MP, Mazzocca AD. US definitions, current use, and FDA stance on use of platelet-rich plasma in sports medicine. The Journal of Knee Surgery. February 2015, 28 (1): 29–34. PMID 25268794. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1390030.
- ^ Georgiou, Aristos. What is a vampire facial?. Newsweek. 14 September 2018 [29 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-17) (英语).
- ^ What it's really like to get the infamous vampire facial. The Independent. 28 February 2018 [29 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-28) (英语).
- ^ World Anti-Doping Agency announces changes to Prohibited List. Irish Medical Times. 2011-01-10. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10).