夾竹桃亞科
龍膽目夾竹桃科植物五個亞科之一
夾竹桃亞科(學名:Apocynoideae)是龍膽目夾竹桃科之下一個被子植物的亞科,大約由78個屬、860個物種所組成。這個亞科有幾個屬具有藥理意義——羊角拗屬(Strophanthus)的物種,由於它們的強心苷含量[3],使它們成為了高效箭毒的供應源。這個亞科亦包括許多具有相當觀賞價值的花種,當中最著名的是夾竹桃(Nerium oleander,單型屬)。其他物種還包括 the remarkable pachycaul genera 天寶花屬(Adenium)及棒錘樹屬(Pachypodium)。
夾竹桃亞科![]() | |
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羅布麻(Apocynum venetum) | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 菊類植物 Asterids |
目: | 龍膽目 Gentianales |
科: | 夾竹桃科 Apocynaceae |
亞科: | 夾竹桃亞科 Apocynoideae Burnett[1] |
族 | |
六個族[2] 較新的分類分為九個族,還包括夾竹桃族(Nerieae)、Odontadenieae和Rhabdadenieae,詳見內文 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Strophanthus_speciosus02.jpg/220px-Strophanthus_speciosus02.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/-Nerium_oleander.jpg/220px--Nerium_oleander.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Chonemorpha_fragrans_-_Franginpani_vine_flowers1.jpg/220px-Chonemorpha_fragrans_-_Franginpani_vine_flowers1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pentalinon_luteum.jpg/220px-Pentalinon_luteum.jpg)
分類
編輯夾竹桃亞科的各屬與物種尚可再歸類為下列九個族:
- 羅布麻族 Apocyneae
24屬,夾貓桃族未分離前屬於本族;
- 清明花屬 Beaumontia Wall. (5 species)
- 富寧藤屬 Parepigynum Tsiang & P.T.Li(單型屬)
- 紐子花屬 Vallaris Burm.f.
- 鱔藤屬 Anodendron A.DC.
- Ixodonerium Pit.
- Papuechites Markgr.
- Amphineurion (A.DC.) Pichon
- 毛藥藤屬 Sindechites Oliv.
- Streptoechites D.J. Middleton & Livsh.
- 羅布麻屬 Apocynum L.
- Cleghornia Wight
- Aganonerion Pierre ex Spire
- 長節珠屬 Parameria Benth.
- 水壺藤屬 Urceola Roxb.
- 鹿角藤屬 Chonemorpha G.Don
- 絡石屬 Trachelospermum Lem.
- Vallariopsis Woodson
- 香花藤屬 Aganosma (Blume) G.Don
- 毛車藤屬 Amalocalyx Pierre
- Baharuia D.J.Middleton
- 思茅藤屬 Epigynum Wight
- 腰骨藤屬 Ichnocarpus R.Br.
- 小花藤屬 Micrechites Miq.
- 帘子藤屬 Pottsia Hook. & Arn.[4]
- 膠藤族 Echiteae (23屬)
- Angadenia Miers
- Artia Guillaumin
- Asketanthera Woodson
- Bahiella J.F.Morales
- Echites P.Browne
- Ecua D.J.Middleton
- Fernaldia Woodson
- 雨冕花屬 Hylaea J.F.Morales
- 美冕藤屬 Laubertia A.DC.
- 扇膠藤屬 Macropharynx Rusby
- 同心結屬 Parsonsia R.Br. (120 個物種; 不屬於Periplocoideae)
- Peltastes Woodson
- Pentalinon Voigt
- Prestonia R.Br.
- Rhodocalyx Müll.Arg. in Mart.
- 鵑號花屬 Salpinctes Woodson
- Temnadenia Miers
- Thenardia Kunth, 1818
- 壺結藤屬 Thoreauea J.K.Williams, 2002[5]
- 魚鰓木族 Malouetieae (13屬)
- Allowoodsonia Markgr.
- Carruthersia Seem.
- Eucorymbia Stapf
- Funtumia Stapf
- Galactophora Woodson
- 止瀉木屬 Holarrhena R.Br. (4種)
- 倒纓木屬 Kibatalia G.Don
- 魚鰓木屬 Malouetia A.DC.
- Malouetiella Pichon
- Mascarenhasia A.DC.
- Neobracea Britton
- 棒錘樹屬 Pachypodium Lindl. (18 to 25 species)
- Spirolobium Baill.[6]
- 翠心藤族 Mesechiteae (50屬)
- Allomarkgrafia Woodson
- 犬乳藤屬 Forsteronia G.Mey. (50 個物種)
- 飄香藤屬 Mandevilla Lindl. (115 個物種)
- 翠心藤屬 Mesechites Müll.Arg.
- 響鐘藤屬 Tintinnabularia Woodson, 1936[7]
- 夾竹桃族 Nerieae (6屬)
- 天寶花屬 Adenium Roem. & Schult.
- 鐵靈藤屬 Alafia Thouars
- 漁網菜屬 Farquharia Stapf, 192
- 羊角菜屬 Isonema R.Br., 1810
- 夾竹桃屬 Nerium L.(單型屬)
- 羊角拗屬 Strophanthus DC. (38 species)
- 齒腺藤族 Odontadenieae (7屬)
- Cycladenia Benth.
- 虬莢藤屬 Elytropus Müll.Arg., 1860
- 虬莢藤 Elytropus chilensis (A. DC.) Müll. Arg.
- Odontadenia Benth.
- Pinochia B.F.Hansen & M.E.Endress
- Secondatia A.DC.
- Stipecoma Müll.Arg.
- 布麻藤屬 Thyrsanthella (Baill.) Pichon
- 布麻藤 Thyrsanthella difformis (Walter) Pichon, 1948,基異名:Echites difformis Walter
- 紅樹藤族 Rhabdadenieae(單型)
- 紅樹藤屬 Rhabdadenia Müll.Arg.
- 倒吊筆族 Wrightieae (3屬)
- Pleioceras Baill.
- 凌波木屬 Stephanostema K.Schum., 1904
- 凌波木 Stephanostema stenocarpum K.Schum., 1904
- 倒吊筆屬 Wrightia R.Br.(23 species)[8]
圖庫
編輯-
Alafia caudata subsp. latiloba
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Chonemorpha fragrans side view of flowers
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Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii
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Fernaldia pandurata (harvested, edible, hairy flowers)
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Funtumia elastica, former rubber source
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Holarrhena pubescens (detail)
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Mascarenhasia arborescens,過往用於採橡膠的樹種;,
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Pachypodium lamerei, a pachycaul species
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Pachypodium lamerei, close-up
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Parsonsia diaphanophleba, single flower
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Stephanostema stenocarpa (flowers v. small relative to foliage)
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Reveal, J.L. Newly required infrafamilial names mandated by changes in the Code of Nomenclature For Algae, Fungi, and Plants. Phytoneuron. 2012, 33: 1–32. ISSN 2153-733X.
- ^ Family: Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. subfam. Apocynoideae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12 [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2010-05-29).
- ^ Strophanthus. Encyclopædia Britannica 25 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 1041–1042. 1911. Chisholm, Hugh (編).
- ^ GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Apocyneae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Echiteae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Malouetieae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Mesechiteae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Wrightieae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).